555 lines
22 KiB
C++
555 lines
22 KiB
C++
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
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* RAK12035_SoilMoistureSensor.cpp - Arduino library for the Sensor *
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* version of I2C Soil Moisture Sensor version from Chrirp *
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* (https://github.com/Miceuz/i2c-moisture-sensor). *
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* *
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* Ingo Fischer 11Nov2015 *
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* https://github.com/Apollon77/I2CSoilMoistureSensor *
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* *
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* Ken Privitt 8Feb2026 *
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* Adapted for MeshCore Firmware Stack *
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* *
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* MIT license *
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* *
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* This file contains a collection of routines to access the *
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* RAK12035 Soil Moisture Sensor via I2C. The sensor provides *
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* Soil Temperature and capacitance-based Soil Moisture Readings. *
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* *
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*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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#include "RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h"
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#include "MeshCore.h"
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#include <Wire.h>
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/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
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* Constructor. *
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*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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// RAK12035_SoilMoisture(uint8_t addr)
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//
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// Accepts the I2C Address to look for the RAK12035
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// Initializes the I2C to null (will be setup later in Wire.Begin()
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//
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// No hardware is touched in the constructor.
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// I2C communication is deferred until begin() is called.
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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RAK12035_SoilMoisture::RAK12035_SoilMoisture(uint8_t addr)
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{
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_addr = addr; // Save the sensor's I2C address
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_i2c = nullptr; // Bus not assigned yet; must be set in begin()
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}
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// setup()
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// setup(TwoWire &i2c)
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//
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// Assigns the I2C bus that this driver instance will use. This allows the
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// application to choose between Wire, Wire1, or any other TwoWire instance
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// supported by the platform.
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//
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// No I2C communication occurs here; setup() simply stores the pointer so that
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// begin() and all register‑level operations know which bus to use.
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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void RAK12035_SoilMoisture::setup(TwoWire &i2c)
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{
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_i2c = &i2c; // assigns the bus pointer
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_i2c->begin(); // Initialize the bus to Wire or Wire1
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}
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// RAK12035 Soil Moisture begin()
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// Performs initialization of the RAK12035 soil‑moisture sensor. This
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// routine assumes that the application has already selected the I2C bus via
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// setup() and that the bus has been initialized externally (Wire.begin()).
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// It uses the passed in I2C Address (default 0x20)
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//
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// *** This code does not supprt three sensors ***
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// The RAK12023 has three connectors, but each of the sensors attached must
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// all have a different I2C addresses.
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// This code has a function to set the I2C adress of a sensor
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// and currently only supports one address 0x20 (the default).
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// To support three sensors, EnvironmentSensorManager would need to be modified
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// to support multiple instances of the RAK12035_SoilMoisture class,
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// each with a different address. (0x20, 0x21, 0x22)
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// The begin() function would need to be modified to loop through the three addresses
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//
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// DEBUG STATEMENTS: Can be enabled by uncommenting or adding:
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// File: varients/rak4631 platformio.ini
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// Section example: [env:RAK_4631_companion_radio_ble]
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// Enable Debug statements: -D MESH_DEBUG=1
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//
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::begin(uint8_t addr)
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{
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// MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("begin() - Start of RAK12035 initialization");
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// MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("begin() - RAK12035 passed in Address %02X", addr);
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// 1. Ensure setup() was called
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if (_i2c == nullptr) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("RAK12035 ERROR: I2C bus not set!");
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return false;
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}
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uint16_t _dry_cal = 200;
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uint16_t _wet_cal = 600;
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uint8_t _version = 0;
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uint8_t _addr; // The I2C address to be used (passed in parameter)
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/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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* Set Calibration values - This is done with custom a firmware version
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*
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* USE the Build Flag: -D ENABLE_RAK12035_CALIBRATION = 1
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* OR
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* Change the value to 1 in the RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h file
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*
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* Calibration Procedure:
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* 1) Flash the the Calibration version of the firmware.
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* 2) Leave the sensor dry, power up the device.
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* 3) After detecting the RAK12035 this firmware will display calibration data on Channel 3
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*
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* Frequency = Current Capacitance Value
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* Temperature = Current Wet calibration value
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* Power = Current Dry calibration value
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*
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* 4) Click refresh several times. This will take a capacitance reading and if it is
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* greater than the current Dry value it will store it in the sensor
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* The value will bounce a little as you click refresh, but it eventually settles down (a few clicks)
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* the stored value will stabalize at it's Maximum value.
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*
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* 5) Put the sensor in water.
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*
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* 6) Click refresh several times. This will take a capacitance reading and if it is
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* less than the current Wet value it will store it in the sensor
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* The value will bounce a little as you click refresh, but it eventually settles down (a few clicks)
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* the stored value will stabalize at it's Minimum value.
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*
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* 7) The Sensor is now calibrated, turn off the device.
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*
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* 8) Reflash the device with the non-Calibration Firmware, Data will be shown on Channel 2
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*
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*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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#if ENABLE_RAK12035_CALIBRATION
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uint16_t _wet = 2000; // A high value the should be out of the normal Wet range
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set_humidity_full(_wet);
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uint16_t _dry = 50; // A low value the should be out of the normal Dry range
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set_humidity_zero(_dry);
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#endif
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/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*
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* Check if a sensor is present and return true if found, false if not present
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*
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*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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if (query_sensor()) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("begin() - Sensor responded with valid version");
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return true;
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}
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else {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("begin() - Sensor version FAIL");
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return false;
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}
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}
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*
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* Below are all the routines to execute the various I2C commands supported
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* by the RAK12035 sensor
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*
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*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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uint16_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_sensor_capacitance() //Command 01 - (r) 2 byte
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{
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uint8_t buf[2] = {0};
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_CAPACITANCE, buf, 2)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 1: get_capacitance() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X %02X", buf[0], buf[1]);
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return (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1]; // return raw for debugging
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}
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uint16_t cap = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 1: get_capacitance() SUCCESS: Capacitance = %d", cap);
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return cap;
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}
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uint8_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_I2C_address() //Command 02 - (r) 1 byte
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{
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uint8_t addr = 0;
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_I2C_ADDR, &addr, 1)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 2: get_I2C_address() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X", addr);
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return addr; // return raw for debugging
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 2: get_I2C_address() SUCCESS: I2C Address = %02X", addr);
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return addr;
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}
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::set_sensor_addr(uint8_t addr) //Command 03 - (w) 1 byte
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{
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if (!write_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_SET_I2C_ADDR, &addr, 1)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 3: set_I2C_address() FAIL: Could not set new address %02X", addr);
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return false;
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 3: set_I2C_address() SUCCESS: New address = %02X", addr);
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return true;
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}
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uint8_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_sensor_version() // Command 04 - 1 byte
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{
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uint8_t v = 0;
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read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_VERSION, &v, 1);
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_VERSION, &v, 1)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 4: get_sensor_version() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X", v);
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return v;
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 4: get_sensor_version() SUCCESS: Version = %02X", v);
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return v;
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}
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float RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_sensor_temperature() //Command 05 - (r) 2 bytes
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{
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uint8_t buf[2] = {0};
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_TEMPERATURE, buf, 2)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 5: get_temperature() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X %02X", buf[0], buf[1]);
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return (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1]; // raw data returned for debugging 0XFFFF is error
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}
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// Sensor returns a 16-bit signed integer (°C * 10)
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int16_t raw = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
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float tempC = raw / 10.0f;
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 5: get_temperature() SUCCESS: Raw=%04X Temp=%.1f C", raw, tempC);
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return tempC;
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}
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::sensor_sleep() //Command 06 - (w) 1 byte
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{
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uint8_t tmp = 0;
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if (!write_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_SET_SLEEP, &tmp, 1)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 6: sensor_sleep() FAIL: Could not send sleep command");
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return false;
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 6: sensor_sleep() SUCCESS: Sensor acknowledged sleep command");
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// Optional: turn off sensor power AFTER successful sleep command
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// This has been commented out due to a pin name conflict with the Heltec v3
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// This will need to be resolved if this funstion is to be utilized in the future
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/*
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digitalWrite(WB_IO2, LOW);
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*/
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return true;
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}
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::set_humidity_full(uint16_t full) //Command 07 - (w) 2 bytes
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{
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uint8_t buf[2];
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buf[0] = (full >> 8) & 0xFF; // High byte
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buf[1] = full & 0xFF; // Low byte
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if (!write_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_SET_WET_CAL, buf, 2)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 7: set_humidity_full() FAIL: Could not set wet calibration value"
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);
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return false;
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 7: set_humidity_full() SUCCESS: New Full = %04X", full);
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return true;
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}
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::set_humidity_zero(uint16_t zero) //Command 08 - (w) 2 bytes
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{
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uint8_t buf[2];
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buf[0] = (zero >> 8) & 0xFF; // High byte
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buf[1] = zero & 0xFF; // Low byte
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if (!write_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_SET_DRY_CAL, buf, 2)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 8: set_humidity_zero() FAIL: Could not set dry calibration value");
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return false;
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 8: set_humidity_zero() SUCCESS: New Zero = %04X", zero);
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return true;
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}
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uint8_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_sensor_moisture() //Command 09 - (r) 1 byte
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{
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// Load calibration values from sensor
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_wet_cal = get_humidity_full();
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_dry_cal = get_humidity_zero();
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 9: get_moisture() - Read from sensor or calculate from capacitance");
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// Read sensor version
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uint8_t v = get_sensor_version();
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// If version > 2, read moisture directly from the sensor
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if (v > 2) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Version > 02 - Reading moisture directly from sensor");
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uint8_t moisture = get_sensor_humid();
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("get_moisture() Direct Read = %d%%", moisture);
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return moisture;
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}
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// Otherwise calculate moisture from capacitance
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Calculating moisture from capacitance");
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uint16_t cap = get_sensor_capacitance();
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// Clamp capacitance between calibration points
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if (_dry_cal < _wet_cal) {
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if (cap <= _dry_cal) cap = _dry_cal;
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if (cap >= _wet_cal) cap = _wet_cal;
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float pct = (_wet_cal - cap) * 100.0f / (_wet_cal - _dry_cal);
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if (pct > 100.0f) pct = 100.0f;
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("get_moisture Case 1() Calculated = %d%%", (uint8_t)pct);
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return (uint8_t)pct;
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} else {
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if (cap >= _dry_cal) cap = _dry_cal;
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if (cap <= _wet_cal) cap = _wet_cal;
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float pct = (_dry_cal - cap) * 100.0f / (_dry_cal - _wet_cal);
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if (pct > 100.0f) pct = 100.0f;
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("get_moisture Case 2() Calculated = %d%%", (uint8_t)pct);
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return (uint8_t)pct;
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}
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}
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uint8_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_sensor_humid() //Command 09 - (r) 1 byte
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{
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uint8_t moisture = 0;
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_MOISTURE, &moisture, 1)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 9: get_sensor_humid() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X", moisture);
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return moisture; // raw fallback
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}
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function 9: get_sensor_humid() SUCCESS: Moisture = %d%%",moisture);
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return moisture;
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}
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uint16_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_humidity_full() //Command 0A - (r) 2 bytes
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{
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uint8_t buf[2] = {0};
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_WET_CAL, buf, 2)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function A: get_humidity_full() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X%02X", buf[0], buf[1]);
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return 0xFFFF; // error indicator
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}
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uint16_t full = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function A: get_humidity_full() SUCCESS: Full = %04X = %d", full, full);
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return full;
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}
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uint16_t RAK12035_SoilMoisture::get_humidity_zero() //Command 0B - 2 bytes
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{
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uint8_t buf[2] = {0};
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if (!read_rak12035(SOILMOISTURESENSOR_GET_DRY_CAL, buf, 2)) {
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function B: get_humidity_zero() FAIL: Bad data returned = %02X%02X", buf[0], buf[1]);
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return 0xFFFF; // error indicator
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}
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uint16_t zero = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Function B: get_humidity_zero() SUCCESS: Zero = %04X = %d", zero, zero);
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return zero;
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}
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/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
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* getEvent() - High-level function to read both moisture and temperature in one call. *
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*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
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* This function reads the moisture percentage and temperature from the sensor and returns *
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* them via output parameters. This may be used for the telemerty delivery in the MeshCore *
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* firmware, with a single function to get all sensor data. *
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* *
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* The function returns true if both readings were successfully obtained, or false if any *
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* error occurred during I2C communication. *
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* *
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* This function is currently not used *
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*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::getEvent(uint8_t *humidity, uint16_t *temp)
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{
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// Read moisture (0-100%)
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uint8_t moist = get_sensor_moisture();
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if (moist == 0xFF) //error indicator
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return false;
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("getEvent() - Humidity = %d", moist);
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*humidity = moist;
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//Read temperature (degrees C)
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uint16_t t = get_sensor_temperature();
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if (t == 0XFFFF) // error indicator
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return false;
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*temp = t;
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("getEvent() - Temperature = %d", t);
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return true;
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}
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/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
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* Sensor Power Management and Reset Routines
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*
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* These routines manage the power and reset state of the sensor. The sensor_on() routine is
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* designed to power on the sensor and wait for it to become responsive, while the reset()
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* routine toggles the reset pin and waits for the sensor to respond with a valid version.
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*
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* They are for a future sensor power management function.
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*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::sensor_on()
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{
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uint8_t data;
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// This has been commented out due to a pin name conflict with the Heltec v3
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// This will need to be resolved if this funstion is to be utilized in the future
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/*
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pinMode(WB_IO2, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(WB_IO2, HIGH); //Turn on Sensor Power
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pinMode(WB_IO4, OUTPUT); //Set IO4 Pin to Output (connected to *reset on sensor)
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digitalWrite(WB_IO4, LOW); //*reset - Reset the Sensor
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delay(1); //Wait for the minimum *reset, 1mS is longer than required minimum
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digitalWrite(WB_IO4, HIGH); //Deassert Reset
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delay(10); // Wait for the sensor code to complete initialization
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*/
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uint8_t v = 0;
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time_t timeout = millis();
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while ((!query_sensor())) //Wait for sensor to respond to I2C commands,
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{ //indicating it is ready
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if ((millis() - timeout) > 50){ //0.5 second timeout for sensor to respond
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MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout, no response from I2C commands");
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return false;
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}
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else {
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delay(10); //delay 10mS
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}
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}
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}
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bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::reset()
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{
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// This function is for a future Sensor Power Management function.
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// When power is reapplied this will reset the sensor and wait for it to respond
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// with a valid version.
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//
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// The Atmel 8495 Microcoltroller: Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than
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// the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not
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// running and provided the reset pin has not been disabled. The minimum pulse length is
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// given in Table 25-5 on page 240. 2000ns = .002mS
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// Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
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//
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// Power is never removed so the Sensor reset was removed and is not needed,
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// But might be needed if power is ever switched off. Here is tested code.
|
||
|
||
// This has been commented out due to a pin name conflict with the Heltec v3
|
||
// This will need to be resolved if this funstion is to be utilized in the future
|
||
|
||
/*
|
||
pinMode(WB_IO4, OUTPUT); //Set IO4 Pin to Output (connected to *reset on sensor)
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("Assert *reset (Low) for 1 mS");
|
||
digitalWrite(WB_IO4, LOW); //Reset the Sensor
|
||
delay(1); //Wait for the minimum *reset, 1mS is longer than required minimum
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - De-assert *reset (High)");
|
||
digitalWrite(WB_IO4, HIGH); // Deassert Reset
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Begin poling in 100mS intervals for a non-zero version");
|
||
uint32_t start_time = millis();
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout, Start Time: %d milliseconds", start_time);
|
||
|
||
const uint32_t timeout_ms = 500; // Wait for 0.5 seconds
|
||
uint32_t start = millis();
|
||
|
||
while (true) {
|
||
if (query_sensor()) {
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - First Pass, Sensor responded with valid version");
|
||
uint32_t stop_time = millis();
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout, Stop Time: %d mS", stop_time);
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout, Duration: %d mS", (stop_time - start_time));
|
||
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
if (millis() - start > timeout_ms) {
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout waiting for valid sensor version");
|
||
uint32_t stop_time = millis();
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout, Stop Time: %d mS", stop_time);
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("reset() - Timeout, Duration: %d mS", (stop_time - start_time));
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
delay(100);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::query_sensor()
|
||
{
|
||
uint8_t v = 0;
|
||
v = get_sensor_version();
|
||
|
||
// Treat 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid / bootloader / garbage
|
||
if (v == 0x00 || v == 0xFF) {
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("query_sensor() FAIL: Version value invalid: %02X", v);
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
MESH_DEBUG_PRINTLN("query_sensor() SUCCESS: Sensor Present, Version = %02X", v);
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
|
||
* Below are the low-level I2C read and write functions. These handle the actual
|
||
* communication with the sensor registers. The higher-level functions call these
|
||
* to perform specific tasks.
|
||
*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
|
||
|
||
bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::read_rak12035(uint8_t cmd, uint8_t *data, uint8_t length)
|
||
{
|
||
_i2c->beginTransmission(_addr);
|
||
_i2c->write(cmd); // <-- COMMAND, not register index
|
||
if (_i2c->endTransmission() != 0)
|
||
return false;
|
||
|
||
delay(20);
|
||
|
||
int received = _i2c->requestFrom(_addr, length);
|
||
if (received != length)
|
||
return false;
|
||
|
||
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
|
||
data[i] = _i2c->read();
|
||
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
bool RAK12035_SoilMoisture::write_rak12035(uint8_t cmd, uint8_t *data, uint8_t length)
|
||
{
|
||
_i2c->beginTransmission(_addr);
|
||
_i2c->write(cmd); // <-- COMMAND, not register index
|
||
|
||
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
|
||
_i2c->write(data[i]);
|
||
|
||
if (_i2c->endTransmission() != 0)
|
||
return false;
|
||
|
||
delay(20);
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|