feat(devices): add bounded slot physics for GENETIC (#1327)

* feat: adapt configuration for multi optimization algorithms

Decouple configuration from optimization algorithm parameters. Add to_[algorithm]_param() methods
to the configuration that derive optimization algorithm specific parameters from the configuration.
Add x-scope tags to the configuration options that describe for which specific algorithms the
configuration option is for.

The whole device settings are restructured. There are now general settings for the device classes
with the afore mentioned to_[algorithm]_param() methods. The general device settings got their own
directory `devices/settings`. By this the parameter class also does not have to be a pydantic model
which can be used for future optimization/ simulations speed up.

Also the parameter class for a device is now part of the device module. This better decouples and
also is the natural place for parameters of a device.

Besides this feature there are also fixes and improvements:

* feat: extend home appliance time window settings and simulation

  Home appliance can now be configured for multiple runs with per-cycle allowed time windows. The
  number of remaining cycles to plan is determined at runtime by reading the
  ``cycles_completed_measurement_key`` from the measurement store.

* feat: specialiced CycleTimeWindowSequence for time window sequences

  Sequence of time windows associated to cycles.

  This model specializes ``ValueTimeWindowSequence`` so that the ``value``
  field of each ``ValueTimeWindow`` encodes the **cycle index** (0-based
  integer) the window belongs to.

  Typical use: an appliance that must run ``n`` times per day, each run
  constrained to a distinct time window.  Assign ``value=0`` to windows
  for the first cycle, ``value=1`` for the second, and so on.  Multiple
  windows may share the same cycle index (their allowed regions are unioned).
  Windows with ``value=None`` are silently ignored by all cycle-aware methods.

* fix: Make test_configmigrate also regard the _ANY_SENTENIEL in key values

* chore: Make devices configurations a map instead of a list

  This makes config paths stable regardless of declaration order and lets each device settings
  class build its own config path from ``self.device_id`` without needing an external index.
  Tests are adapted likewise.

  Devices configurations are automatically migrated from lists to maps.

* chore: rename levelized_cost_of_storage_kwh to levelized_cost_of_storage_amt kwh

  This better fits in the naming scheme and also makes clear the costs are money.

Signed-off-by: Bobby Noelte <b0661n0e17e@gmail.com>

* fix: runtime config update ignored by config file

Runtime settings were handed back to pydantic-settings as init settings,
which rank below the config file and the environment. Any key already
present in EOS.config.json or in the environment silently discarded the
update, so a bulk PUT /v1/config returned 200 without applying anything,
while the granular PUT /v1/config/{path} endpoint kept working.

Add a dedicated runtime settings source ranked directly below the command
line arguments and record granular updates there as well, so both
endpoints share one store that survives re-evaluation of the settings
sources. Environment variables keep precedence over the config file for
all keys that were not set at runtime.

Also repairs revert_settings() and update(), which passed their data
through the same init settings.

Closes #1303

* fix: env vars ignored on first config build

ConfigEOS.__init__ passed self as first positional argument to _setup,
which forwards it to pydantic_settings.BaseSettings.__init__. Its first
positional parameter is _case_sensitive, so the environment source
matched the upper case variable names against the lower case field names
and returned nothing. Environment settings only took effect after the
next configuration setup.

* docs: changelog for config priority fixes

* fix(config): preserve device identities and storage costs during migration

* fix(devices): preserve charge-rate typing and public import compatibility

* ruff format fix

* feat(devices): port slot-aware battery export and direct-use physics

Port scoped device changes from d2e2d58237. Keep PR #1256 parameter conversion structure and separate GENETIC0 devices. Validate physical flows and reprice changed simulation results.

Co-authored-by: Andreas <drbacke@gmx.de>

Co-authored-by: Christin <info@bikinibottom.capital>

* fix(cache): distinguish callables in the shared EMS cache

Include the function object in cache keys so methods of one interpolator cannot reuse a probability as a power value. Cover both call orders, keyword arguments, cache hits and separate closures with identical qualified names.

* fix(devices): constrain the physics port and validate export levels

Defer inactive EV deadline fields to the optimizer port, reject nonfinite export rates, and document the hourly Optimize boundary. Verify converter IDs, rates and LCOS, separate GENETIC0 interpolation, physical boundary flows and independent GENETIC repricing.

* docs(devices): regenerate slot-physics configuration and OpenAPI schemas

* fix(config): satisfy typed device conversion and migration contracts

* docs(config): refresh validated configuration prerequisite schemas

* test(devices): align physics regressions with strict type checking

* docs(devices): refresh API version after prerequisite merge

* docs(interpolator): use portable reStructuredText markup

* docs(devices): refresh API version after docstring compatibility fix

---------

Signed-off-by: Bobby Noelte <b0661n0e17e@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bobby Noelte <b0661n0e17e@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: r0b2g1t <r0b2g1t@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christin <info@bikinibottom.capital>

tests/test_interpolator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from akkudoktoreos.prediction.interpolator import get_eos_load_interpolator
+
+
+def test_quarter_hour_energy_is_converted_back_to_same_mean_power():
+    """Splitting hourly energy must not change the minute-load probability lookup."""
+    interpolator = get_eos_load_interpolator()
+    hourly_load_wh = 800.0
+    hourly_pv_wh = 1200.0
+    slot_duration_h = 0.25
+
+    hourly = interpolator.calculate_expected_direct_consumption(hourly_load_wh, hourly_pv_wh)
+    quarter_hour = interpolator.calculate_expected_direct_consumption(
+        (hourly_load_wh / 4) / slot_duration_h,
+        (hourly_pv_wh / 4) / slot_duration_h,
+    )
+
+    assert quarter_hour == pytest.approx(hourly)
+
+
+def test_load_above_probability_grid_uses_highest_supported_distribution():
+    """Out-of-range household load must not make self-consumption jump to zero."""
+    interpolator = get_eos_load_interpolator()
+
+    at_boundary = interpolator.calculate_self_consumption(3450.0, 5000.0)
+    above_boundary = interpolator.calculate_self_consumption(4000.0, 5000.0)
+
+    assert above_boundary == pytest.approx(at_boundary)
+    assert above_boundary > 0.99
+
+
+def test_expected_direct_consumption_accounts_for_subhourly_load_variation():
+    """Expected overlap must be below the optimistic overlap of interval means."""
+    interpolator = get_eos_load_interpolator()
+
+    direct_power_w = interpolator.calculate_expected_direct_consumption(800.0, 1200.0)
+
+    assert direct_power_w == pytest.approx(621.0, abs=2.0)
+    assert 0.0 < direct_power_w < 800.0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("mean_load_power_w", "pv_power_w"),
+    [(800.0, 1200.0), (1000.0, 500.0), (1500.0, 1500.0)],
+)
+def test_expected_direct_consumption_produces_conservative_energy_balance(
+    mean_load_power_w, pv_power_w
+):
+    """Direct use, residual load and surplus must conserve both mean powers."""
+    interpolator = get_eos_load_interpolator()
+
+    direct_power_w = interpolator.calculate_expected_direct_consumption(
+        mean_load_power_w, pv_power_w
+    )
+    residual_load_w = mean_load_power_w - direct_power_w
+    pv_surplus_w = pv_power_w - direct_power_w
+
+    assert 0.0 <= direct_power_w <= min(mean_load_power_w, pv_power_w)
+    assert direct_power_w + residual_load_w == pytest.approx(mean_load_power_w)
+    assert direct_power_w + pv_surplus_w == pytest.approx(pv_power_w)
+
+
+def test_expected_direct_consumption_preserves_forecast_mean_at_high_pv():
+    """A PV level above every normalized load bin covers the complete mean load."""
+    interpolator = get_eos_load_interpolator()
+
+    direct_power_w = interpolator.calculate_expected_direct_consumption(3000.0, 10000.0)
+
+    assert direct_power_w == pytest.approx(3000.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("load,pv", [(4000.0, 5000.0), (10000.0, 20000.0), (0.0, 0.0)])
+def test_genetic_interpolator_boundaries_are_finite_and_physical(load, pv):
+    interpolator = get_eos_load_interpolator()
+    fraction = interpolator.calculate_self_consumption(load, pv)
+    direct = interpolator.calculate_expected_direct_consumption(load, pv)
+    assert np.isfinite(fraction)
+    assert 0.0 <= fraction <= 1.0
+    assert np.isfinite(direct)
+    assert 0.0 <= direct <= min(load, pv)
+
+
+def test_genetic0_inverter_keeps_its_independent_interpolator():
+    from akkudoktoreos.devices.genetic0.genetic0inverter import (
+        Genetic0Inverter,
+        Genetic0InverterParameters,
+    )
+    from akkudoktoreos.optimization.genetic0.genetic0loadinterpolator import (
+        get_genetic0_load_interpolator,
+    )
+
+    inverter = Genetic0Inverter(Genetic0InverterParameters(device_id="legacy", max_power_wh=10000))
+    assert inverter.self_consumption_predictor is get_genetic0_load_interpolator()
+    assert inverter.self_consumption_predictor is not get_eos_load_interpolator()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("load,pv", [(4000.0, 5000.0), (10000.0, 20000.0)])
+def test_genetic_inverter_boundary_flows_remain_nonnegative(load, pv):
+    from akkudoktoreos.devices.genetic.inverter import Inverter, InverterParameters
+
+    inverter = Inverter(InverterParameters(device_id="boundary", max_power_wh=25000))
+    flows = inverter.process_energy(generation=pv, consumption=load, hour=0)
+    assert all(np.isfinite(value) and value >= 0.0 for value in flows)