fix: honor effective time window boundaries in cycle scheduling

docs/_generated/configelecfee.md

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ This model extends `TimeWindow` by associating a value with the defined time int
 | date | `Optional[pydantic_extra_types.pendulum_dt.Date]` | `rw` | `None` | Optional specific calendar date on which the time window must start. For overnight windows, this restriction applies to the start date, not the date of each datetime tested by contains(). |
 | day_of_week | `Union[int, str, NoneType]` | `rw` | `None` | Optional day of the week on which the time window must start. Can be specified as integer (0=Monday to 6=Sunday) or localized weekday name. For overnight windows, the restriction applies to the start date. |
 | duration | `Duration` | `rw` | `0 microseconds` | Duration of the time window starting from `start_time`. |
-| end_time | `Optional[akkudoktoreos.utils.datetimeutil.Time]` | `rw` | `None` | Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time is dalight saving time change save, whereas duration is always fixed. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration. |
+| end_time | `Optional[akkudoktoreos.utils.datetimeutil.Time]` | `rw` | `None` | Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time follows local wall-clock time across daylight saving time changes. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration. |
 | locale | `Optional[str]` | `rw` | `None` | Locale used to parse weekday names in `day_of_week` when given as string. If not set, Pendulum's default locale is used. Examples: 'en', 'de', 'fr', etc. |
 | month | `Optional[int]` | `rw` | `None` | Optional calendar month restriction (1=January to 12=December). The window's start date must fall in this month, including for overnight windows that extend into the following month. |
 | start_time | `Time` | `rw` | `required` | Naive start time of the time window (time of day, no timezone). Interpreted in the timezone of the datetime passed to contains() or earliest_start_time(). |

docs/akkudoktoreos/configtimewindow.md

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ The example defines a daily window from 09:00 to 11:00 without calendar restrict
 Each `TimeWindow` object supports the following fields:
 
 - **`start_time`** (required): Local time when the window begins.
-- **`duration`** (required): Duration of the window, expressed as a time interval.
+- **`duration`** (optional): Duration of the window, expressed as a time interval. Defaults to zero,
+  so it can be omitted when `end_time` defines the window.
 - **`end_time`** (optional): Explicit end time of the window. The effective end is the later
   of this time and the end calculated from `start_time` plus `duration`.
 - **`day_of_week`** (optional): Restricts the window's start date to a weekday.

openapi.json

@@ -16259,7 +16259,7 @@
               }
             ],
             "title": "End Time",
-            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time is dalight saving time change save, whereas duration is always fixed. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
+            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time follows local wall-clock time across daylight saving time changes. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
             "examples": [
               null,
               "12:00:00"
@@ -16368,7 +16368,7 @@
               }
             ],
             "title": "End Time",
-            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time is dalight saving time change save, whereas duration is always fixed. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
+            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time follows local wall-clock time across daylight saving time changes. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
             "examples": [
               null,
               "12:00:00"
@@ -16552,7 +16552,7 @@
               }
             ],
             "title": "End Time",
-            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time is dalight saving time change save, whereas duration is always fixed. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
+            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time follows local wall-clock time across daylight saving time changes. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
             "examples": [
               null,
               "12:00:00"
@@ -16677,7 +16677,7 @@
               }
             ],
             "title": "End Time",
-            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time is dalight saving time change save, whereas duration is always fixed. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
+            "description": "Optional exclusive end time of the window. The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. End time follows local wall-clock time across daylight saving time changes. If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration.",
             "examples": [
               null,
               "12:00:00"

src/akkudoktoreos/config/configabc.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Abstract and base classes for configuration."""
 
 import calendar
+import math
 import os
 import sys
 from enum import StrEnum
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class TimeWindow(SettingsBaseModel):
             "description": (
                 "Optional exclusive end time of the window. "
                 "The effective end is the later of end_time and start_time + duration. "
-                "End time is dalight saving time change save, whereas duration is always fixed. "
+                "End time follows local wall-clock time across daylight saving time changes. "
                 "If None (the default), the window ends at start_time + duration."
             ),
             "examples": [None, "12:00:00"],
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ class TimeWindow(SettingsBaseModel):
     @field_serializer("duration")
     def serialize_duration(self, value: Duration) -> str:
         """Serialize duration to string."""
-        return str(value)
+        return "PT0S" if value.total_seconds() == 0 else str(value)
 
     def _window_start_end(self, reference_date: DateTime) -> tuple[DateTime, DateTime]:
         """Return the effective start and exclusive end of the time window.
@@ -312,13 +313,6 @@ class TimeWindow(SettingsBaseModel):
         if self.end_time is None:
             return start, duration_end
 
-        explicit_end = start_day.replace(
-            hour=self.end_time.hour,
-            minute=self.end_time.minute,
-            second=self.end_time.second,
-            microsecond=self.end_time.microsecond,
-        )
-
         start_clock = (
             self.start_time.hour,
             self.start_time.minute,
@@ -332,9 +326,15 @@ class TimeWindow(SettingsBaseModel):
             self.end_time.microsecond,
         )
 
-        # An end time at or before the start time belongs to the next day.
+        # Choose the date before setting the time: a nonexistent clock time on
-        if end_clock <= start_clock:
+        # the start day must not be normalized and carried into the following day.
-            explicit_end = explicit_end.add(days=1)
+        end_day = start_day.add(days=1) if end_clock <= start_clock else start_day
+        explicit_end = end_day.replace(
+            hour=self.end_time.hour,
+            minute=self.end_time.minute,
+            second=self.end_time.second,
+            microsecond=self.end_time.microsecond,
+        )
 
         return start, max(duration_end, explicit_end)
 
@@ -384,12 +384,11 @@ class TimeWindow(SettingsBaseModel):
         """
         current_day = date_time.start_of("day")
 
-        # Check both today's window and a window that began yesterday.
+        # Include earlier starts for overnight and multi-day durations. One
-        # The previous-day candidate is necessary for overnight windows.
+        # extra calendar day covers shorter days at daylight saving transitions.
-        for start_day in (
+        days_back = max(1, math.ceil(self.duration.total_seconds() / 86400) + 1)
-            current_day,
+        for offset in range(days_back + 1):
-            current_day.subtract(days=1),
+            start_day = current_day.subtract(days=offset)
-        ):
             if not self._matches_start_date(start_day):
                 continue
 
@@ -1187,61 +1186,22 @@ class CycleTimeWindowSequence(ValueTimeWindowSequence):
             ``1.0`` at step ``t`` means step ``t`` falls inside a window
             belonging to ``cycle``; ``0.0`` otherwise.
         """
-        import math
+        if interval.total_seconds() <= 0:
+            return np.zeros(0, dtype=np.float64)
 
-        interval_s = interval.total_seconds()
+        windows = TimeWindowSequence[ValueTimeWindow](
-
+            windows=[
-        if align_to_interval and interval_s > 0:
+                window
-            # Floor purely in wall-clock seconds — identical to to_array's
+                for window in self.windows
-            # alignment so all three methods produce consistent grids.
+                if window.value is not None and int(window.value) == cycle
-            wall_s = (
+            ]
-                start_datetime.hour * 3600
+        )
-                + start_datetime.minute * 60
+        return windows.to_array(
-                + start_datetime.second
+            start_datetime,
-                + start_datetime.microsecond / 1_000_000
+            end_datetime,
-            )
+            interval,
-            remainder_s = wall_s % interval_s
+            align_to_interval=align_to_interval,
-            if remainder_s:
-                start_datetime = start_datetime.subtract(seconds=remainder_s)
-
-        # Use ceil so a partially-covered final step is included, matching the
-        # while-loop semantics of to_array.
-        steps = (
-            math.ceil((end_datetime - start_datetime).total_seconds() / interval_s)
-            if interval_s > 0
-            else 0
         )
-        result = np.zeros(steps, dtype=np.float64)
-
-        # Anchor window start times to the calendar day of the (aligned) grid start.
-        base_day = start_datetime.start_of("day")
-
-        for window in self.windows:
-            if window.value is None:
-                continue
-            if int(window.value) != cycle:
-                continue
-
-            t = window.start_time
-            win_start = base_day.replace(
-                hour=t.hour,
-                minute=t.minute,
-                second=t.second,
-                microsecond=t.microsecond,
-            )
-            win_end = win_start + window.duration
-
-            # Convert to step indices relative to the aligned grid start.
-            idx_start = int((win_start - start_datetime).total_seconds() / interval_s)
-            idx_end = math.ceil((win_end - start_datetime).total_seconds() / interval_s)
-
-            idx_start = max(idx_start, 0)
-            idx_end = min(idx_end, steps)
-
-            if idx_start < idx_end:
-                result[idx_start:idx_end] = 1.0
-
-        return result
 
     def cycles_to_matrix(
         self,
@@ -1275,8 +1235,6 @@ class CycleTimeWindowSequence(ValueTimeWindowSequence):
               ``matrix[k, t] == 1.0`` iff step ``t`` falls inside a window
               belonging to ``cycle_indices[k]``; ``0.0`` otherwise.
         """
-        import math
-
         interval_s = interval.total_seconds()
 
         if interval_s > 0:
@@ -1299,34 +1257,13 @@ class CycleTimeWindowSequence(ValueTimeWindowSequence):
         )
         matrix = np.zeros((len(cycles), steps), dtype=np.float64)
 
-        cycle_index = {c: i for i, c in enumerate(cycles)}
+        for row, cycle in enumerate(cycles):
-
+            matrix[row] = self.cycle_to_array(
-        # Anchor window start times to the calendar day of the aligned grid start.
+                cycle,
-        base_day = start_datetime.start_of("day")
+                start_datetime,
-
+                end_datetime,
-        for window in self.windows:
+                interval,
-            if window.value is None:
+                align_to_interval=False,
-                continue
-
-            c = int(window.value)
-            row = cycle_index[c]
-
-            t = window.start_time
-            win_start = base_day.replace(
-                hour=t.hour,
-                minute=t.minute,
-                second=t.second,
-                microsecond=t.microsecond,
             )
-            win_end = win_start + window.duration
-
-            idx_start = int((win_start - start_datetime).total_seconds() / interval_s)
-            idx_end = math.ceil((win_end - start_datetime).total_seconds() / interval_s)
-
-            idx_start = max(idx_start, 0)
-            idx_end = min(idx_end, steps)
-
-            if idx_start < idx_end:
-                matrix[row, idx_start:idx_end] = 1.0
 
         return cycles, matrix

src/akkudoktoreos/server/dash/components.py

@@ -823,10 +823,10 @@ def make_config_update_time_windows_windows_form(
                         const monthRaw = document.querySelector("[name='{wid}_month']").value;
                         const date     = document.querySelector("[name='{wid}_date']").value.trim();
                         const locale   = document.querySelector("[name='{wid}_locale']").value.trim();
-                        if (!start || !dur || {val_js_guard}) return {json.dumps(json.dumps(current_windows))};
+                        if (!start || {val_js_guard}) return {json.dumps(json.dumps(current_windows))};
                         const edited = {{
                             start_time:  start,
-                            duration:    dur,
+                            duration:    dur !== "" ? dur : "PT0S",
                             end_time:    end      !== "" ? end                : null,
                             {val_js_field}
                             day_of_week: dowRaw   !== "" ? parseInt(dowRaw)   : null,
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ def make_config_update_time_windows_windows_form(
 
         header_cols = [
             P("start time *", cls="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-semibold"),
-            P("duration *", cls="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-semibold"),
+            P("duration", cls="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-semibold"),
             P("end time", cls="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-semibold"),
         ]
         add_input_cols = [
@@ -1001,10 +1001,10 @@ def make_config_update_time_windows_windows_form(
                         const monthRaw = document.querySelector("[name='{add_wid}_month']").value;
                         const date     = document.querySelector("[name='{add_wid}_date']").value.trim();
                         const locale   = document.querySelector("[name='{add_wid}_locale']").value.trim();
-                        if (!start || !dur || {add_val_js_guard}) return {current_json};
+                        if (!start || {add_val_js_guard}) return {current_json};
                         const newWin = {{
                             start_time:  start,
-                            duration:    dur,
+                            duration:    dur !== "" ? dur : "PT0S",
                             end_time:    end      !== "" ? end                : null,
                             {add_val_js_field}
                             day_of_week: dowRaw   !== "" ? parseInt(dowRaw)   : null,

tests/test_timewindow_boundaries.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""Regression tests for explicit window ends and cycle scheduling."""
+
+import json
+
+import numpy as np
+import pendulum
+import pytest
+
+from akkudoktoreos.config.configabc import (
+    CycleTimeWindowSequence,
+    TimeWindow,
+    ValueTimeWindow,
+)
+from akkudoktoreos.devices.genetic.homeappliance import (
+    HomeAppliance,
+    HomeApplianceParameters,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model", [TimeWindow, ValueTimeWindow])
+def test_end_only_window_json_round_trip(model):
+    window = model.model_validate({"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "12:00"})
+
+    serialized = window.model_dump_json()
+
+    assert json.loads(serialized)["duration"] == "PT0S"
+    restored = model.model_validate_json(serialized)
+    assert restored.model_dump() == window.model_dump()
+    assert restored.contains(pendulum.datetime(2026, 10, 26, 9))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("start_date", "start_time", "end_time", "expected_end"),
+    [
+        # The missing 02:30 on the opening date must not shift Monday's end.
+        ("2026-03-29", "22:00", "02:30", "2026-03-30T02:30:00+02:00"),
+        # The explicit end lies after the spring transition.
+        ("2026-03-28", "22:00", "06:00", "2026-03-29T06:00:00+02:00"),
+        # The explicit end lies after the autumn transition.
+        ("2026-10-24", "22:00", "06:00", "2026-10-25T06:00:00+01:00"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_overnight_end_uses_clock_time_on_end_date(start_date, start_time, end_time, expected_end):
+    window = TimeWindow.model_validate({"start_time": start_time, "end_time": end_time})
+    reference = pendulum.from_format(start_date, "YYYY-MM-DD", tz="Europe/Berlin")
+
+    _, end = window._window_start_end(reference)
+
+    assert end.isoformat() == expected_end
+    assert not window.contains(end)
+    assert window.contains(end.subtract(minutes=1))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "start", "hours", "active_steps"),
+    [
+        ({"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "12:00"}, "2026-10-26", 24, [8, 9, 10, 11]),
+        # Duration may extend the explicit end.
+        (
+            {"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "10:00", "duration": "4 hours"},
+            "2026-10-26",
+            24,
+            [8, 9, 10, 11],
+        ),
+        ({"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "12:00", "month": 11}, "2026-10-26", 24, []),
+        ({"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "12:00", "day_of_week": 1}, "2026-10-26", 24, []),
+        ({"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "12:00", "date": "2026-10-27"}, "2026-10-26", 24, []),
+        # Include the tail of Friday's window on Saturday.
+        (
+            {"start_time": "22:00", "end_time": "06:00", "day_of_week": 4},
+            "2026-10-24",
+            24,
+            list(range(6)),
+        ),
+        # Month restrictions belong to the opening date.
+        (
+            {"start_time": "22:00", "end_time": "06:00", "month": 10},
+            "2026-11-01",
+            24,
+            list(range(6)),
+        ),
+        # Long durations can begin more than one calendar day earlier.
+        (
+            {"start_time": "08:00", "duration": "3 days", "date": "2026-10-24"},
+            "2026-10-26",
+            24,
+            list(range(24)),
+        ),
+        # Recurring windows must also appear on later horizon days.
+        ({"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "10:00"}, "2026-10-26", 48, [8, 9, 32, 33]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_cycle_arrays_use_effective_windows(config, start, hours, active_steps):
+    window = ValueTimeWindow.model_validate({**config, "value": 0})
+    sequence = CycleTimeWindowSequence(windows=[window])
+    reference = pendulum.from_format(start, "YYYY-MM-DD", tz="UTC")
+    end = reference.add(hours=hours)
+    interval = pendulum.duration(hours=1)
+    expected = np.zeros(hours)
+    expected[active_steps] = 1
+
+    actual = sequence.cycle_to_array(0, reference, end, interval)
+    indices, matrix = sequence.cycles_to_matrix(reference, end, interval)
+
+    assert indices == [0]
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(actual, expected)
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(matrix[0], expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("date", "hours"), [("2026-03-29", 23), ("2026-10-25", 25)])
+def test_cycle_arrays_across_dst(date, hours):
+    window = ValueTimeWindow.model_validate(
+        {"start_time": "00:00", "end_time": "06:00", "value": 0}
+    )
+    sequence = CycleTimeWindowSequence(windows=[window])
+    start = pendulum.from_format(date, "YYYY-MM-DD", tz="Europe/Berlin")
+    end = start.add(days=1)
+    expected = np.zeros(hours)
+    expected[: hours - 18] = 1  # Five elapsed hours in spring; seven in autumn.
+
+    actual = sequence.cycle_to_array(0, start, end, pendulum.duration(hours=1))
+    _, matrix = sequence.cycles_to_matrix(start, end, pendulum.duration(hours=1))
+
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(actual, expected)
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(matrix[0], expected)
+
+
+def test_end_only_cycle_window_allows_appliance_starts():
+    sequence = CycleTimeWindowSequence.model_validate(
+        {"windows": [{"start_time": "08:00", "end_time": "12:00", "value": 0}]}
+    )
+    # Exercise the serialized settings used by the dashboard/API as well.
+    sequence = CycleTimeWindowSequence.model_validate_json(sequence.model_dump_json())
+    appliance = HomeAppliance(
+        parameters=HomeApplianceParameters(
+            device_id="dishwasher",
+            duration_h=2,
+            consumption_wh=2000,
+            num_cycles=1,
+            time_windows=sequence,
+        ),
+        prediction_hours=24,
+        optimization_hours=24,
+    )
+    start = pendulum.datetime(2026, 10, 26)
+    appliance.start_allowed = []
+    appliance.start_earliest = []
+    appliance.start_latest = []
+
+    appliance._build_cycle_start_allowed(
+        sequence, start, start.add(days=1), pendulum.duration(hours=1)
+    )
+
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(np.flatnonzero(appliance.start_allowed[0]), [8, 9, 10])