fix: move data management to async (#1015)

FAstAPI is an async framework. Data may be imported and exported, load and save, set and get
asynchronously. Prevent interleaving data operations to corrupt the data. In the previous design
sync and async data access was intermixed leading to data corruption.

The basic data classes DataSequence and DataContainer and the derived classes like Provider and
Measurement now are async. Data access is protected by several async locks.

To support the async design of the data classes the database interface became async.

The energy management is also adapted to the new async design. Optimization is still off-loaded
to another thread, but the prepration for the optimization and the post optimization actions now
follow the async design.

Adapter operations are now also protected by async locks.

Tests were adapted to the async design and new tests were created.

Besides this major fix several other improvements and fixes are included in this PR.

* fix: key_to_dict/list/array only regard data records with key value set.

  Before the exclusion of no value data records was only done if the dropna flag was set.

* fix: test for visual result pdf generation

  Due to updates in the library the generated charts text was a little bit different.
  Adapt the test to create the comaprison pdf in the test data durectory and
  update the reference pdf.

* chore: Remove MutableMapping from DataSequence and DataContainer.

  Mutable Mapping does not fit to the now async design.

* chore: Add NoDB database backend

  This backend implements the full database backend interface but performs
  no actual persistence. It is intended for configurations where database
  persistence is disabled (`provider=None`).

* chore: Improve measurement data import testing with real world scenarios.

  Added two new endpoints to support testing.

* chore: Add mermaid to supported documentation tools

* chore: Add documentation about async design

* chore: Add documentation about generic data handling

  Covers the basics of measurement and prediction time series data handling.

* chore: Add empty lines around markdown lists.

* chore: sync pre-commit config to updated package versions

Signed-off-by: Bobby Noelte <b0661n0e17e@gmail.com>

tests/test_adapternodered.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ def adapter(config_eos, mock_ems: MagicMock) -> NodeREDAdapter:
     return ad
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 class TestNodeREDAdapter:
 
     def test_provider_id(self, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
@@ -52,37 +53,37 @@ class TestNodeREDAdapter:
         assert adapter.enabled() is True
 
     @patch("requests.get")
-    def test_update_datetime(self, mock_get, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
+    async def test_update_datetime(self, mock_get, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
         adapter.ems.stage.return_value = EnergyManagementStage.DATA_ACQUISITION
         mock_get.return_value.status_code = 200
         mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = {"foo": "bar"}
         now = to_datetime()
 
-        adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
+        await adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
 
         mock_get.assert_called_once()
         assert compare_datetimes(adapter.update_datetime, now).approximately_equal
 
     @patch("requests.get")
-    def test_update_data_data_acquisition_success(self, mock_get    , adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
+    async def test_update_data_data_acquisition_success(self, mock_get    , adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
         adapter.ems.stage.return_value = EnergyManagementStage.DATA_ACQUISITION
         mock_get.return_value.status_code = 200
         mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = {"foo": "bar"}
 
-        adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
+        await adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
 
         mock_get.assert_called_once()
         url, = mock_get.call_args[0]
         assert "/eos/data_aquisition" in url
 
     @patch("requests.get", side_effect=Exception("boom"))
-    def test_update_data_data_acquisition_failure(self, mock_get, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
+    async def test_update_data_data_acquisition_failure(self, mock_get, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
         adapter.ems.stage.return_value = EnergyManagementStage.DATA_ACQUISITION
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
+            await adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
 
     @patch("requests.post")
-    def test_update_data_control_dispatch_instructions(self, mock_post, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
+    async def test_update_data_control_dispatch_instructions(self, mock_post, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
         adapter.ems.stage.return_value = EnergyManagementStage.CONTROL_DISPATCH
 
         instr1 = DDBCInstruction(
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class TestNodeREDAdapter:
         mock_post.return_value.status_code = 200
         mock_post.return_value.json.return_value = {}
 
-        adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
+        await adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
 
         _, kwargs = mock_post.call_args
         payload = kwargs["json"]
@@ -110,18 +111,18 @@ class TestNodeREDAdapter:
         assert "/eos/control_dispatch" in url
 
     @patch("requests.post")
-    def test_update_data_disabled_provider(self, mock_post, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
+    async def test_update_data_disabled_provider(self, mock_post, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
         adapter.config.adapter.provider = ["HomeAssistant"]  # NodeRED disabled
-        adapter.update_data(force_enable=False)
+        await adapter.update_data(force_enable=False)
         mock_post.assert_not_called()
 
     @patch("requests.post")
-    def test_update_data_force_enable_overrides_disabled(self, mock_post, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
+    async def test_update_data_force_enable_overrides_disabled(self, mock_post, adapter: NodeREDAdapter):
         adapter.config.adapter.provider = ["HomeAssistant"]
         adapter.ems.stage.return_value = EnergyManagementStage.CONTROL_DISPATCH
         mock_post.return_value.status_code = 200
         mock_post.return_value.json.return_value = {}
 
-        adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
+        await adapter.update_data(force_enable=True)
 
         mock_post.assert_called_once()