fix: move data management to async (#1015)

FAstAPI is an async framework. Data may be imported and exported, load and save, set and get
asynchronously. Prevent interleaving data operations to corrupt the data. In the previous design
sync and async data access was intermixed leading to data corruption.

The basic data classes DataSequence and DataContainer and the derived classes like Provider and
Measurement now are async. Data access is protected by several async locks.

To support the async design of the data classes the database interface became async.

The energy management is also adapted to the new async design. Optimization is still off-loaded
to another thread, but the prepration for the optimization and the post optimization actions now
follow the async design.

Adapter operations are now also protected by async locks.

Tests were adapted to the async design and new tests were created.

Besides this major fix several other improvements and fixes are included in this PR.

* fix: key_to_dict/list/array only regard data records with key value set.

  Before the exclusion of no value data records was only done if the dropna flag was set.

* fix: test for visual result pdf generation

  Due to updates in the library the generated charts text was a little bit different.
  Adapt the test to create the comaprison pdf in the test data durectory and
  update the reference pdf.

* chore: Remove MutableMapping from DataSequence and DataContainer.

  Mutable Mapping does not fit to the now async design.

* chore: Add NoDB database backend

  This backend implements the full database backend interface but performs
  no actual persistence. It is intended for configurations where database
  persistence is disabled (`provider=None`).

* chore: Improve measurement data import testing with real world scenarios.

  Added two new endpoints to support testing.

* chore: Add mermaid to supported documentation tools

* chore: Add documentation about async design

* chore: Add documentation about generic data handling

  Covers the basics of measurement and prediction time series data handling.

* chore: Add empty lines around markdown lists.

* chore: sync pre-commit config to updated package versions

Signed-off-by: Bobby Noelte <b0661n0e17e@gmail.com>

tests/test_weatheropenmeteo.py

@@ -135,8 +135,9 @@ def test_request_forecast(mock_get, provider, sample_openmeteo_1_json):
     assert "diffuse_radiation" in openmeteo_data["hourly"]    # DHI
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 @patch("requests.get")
-def test_update_data(mock_get, provider, sample_openmeteo_1_json, cache_store):
+async def test_update_data(mock_get, provider, sample_openmeteo_1_json, cache_store):
     """Test fetching and processing forecast from Open-Meteo."""
     # Mock response object
     mock_response = Mock()
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ def test_update_data(mock_get, provider, sample_openmeteo_1_json, cache_store):
     ems_eos = get_ems()
     start_datetime = to_datetime("2026-03-02 09:00:00+01:00", in_timezone="Europe/Berlin")
     ems_eos.set_start_datetime(start_datetime)
-    provider.update_data(force_enable=True, force_update=True)
+    await provider.update_data(force_enable=True, force_update=True)
 
     # Assert: Verify the result is as expected
     mock_get.assert_called_once()
@@ -160,9 +161,12 @@ def test_update_data(mock_get, provider, sample_openmeteo_1_json, cache_store):
     # Verify that direct radiation values were properly mapped
     # Get the first record and check for irradiance values
     value_datetime = to_datetime("2026-03-04 09:00:00+01:00", in_timezone="Europe/Berlin")
-    assert provider.key_to_value("weather_ghi", target_datetime=start_datetime) == 21.8
-    assert provider.key_to_value("weather_dni", target_datetime=start_datetime) == 1.2
-    assert provider.key_to_value("weather_dhi", target_datetime=start_datetime) == 20.5
+    weather_ghi = await provider.key_to_value("weather_ghi", target_datetime=start_datetime)
+    weather_dni = await provider.key_to_value("weather_dni", target_datetime=start_datetime)
+    weather_dhi = await provider.key_to_value("weather_dhi", target_datetime=start_datetime)
+    assert weather_ghi == 21.8
+    assert weather_dni == 1.2
+    assert weather_dhi == 20.5
 
 
 # ------------------------------------------------
@@ -279,7 +283,8 @@ def test_openmeteo_request_mode_selection(
 # ------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def test_openmeteo_development_forecast_data(provider, config_eos, is_system_test):
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openmeteo_development_forecast_data(provider, config_eos, is_system_test):
     """Fetch data from real Open-Meteo server for development purposes."""
     if not is_system_test:
         return
@@ -304,7 +309,7 @@ def test_openmeteo_development_forecast_data(provider, config_eos, is_system_tes
             json.dump(openmeteo_data, f_out, indent=4)
 
         # Update and process data
-        provider.update_data(force_enable=True, force_update=True)
+        await provider.update_data(force_enable=True, force_update=True)
 
         # Save processed data
         with FILE_TESTDATA_WEATHEROPENMETEO_2_JSON.open("w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as f_out:
@@ -312,7 +317,7 @@ def test_openmeteo_development_forecast_data(provider, config_eos, is_system_tes
 
         # Verify radiation values
         if len(provider) > 0:
-            records = list(provider.data_records.values())
+            records = list(provider.records)
 
             # Check fo radiation values available
             has_ghi = any(hasattr(r, 'ghi') and r.ghi is not None for r in records)