fix(l2): WiFi fails to start or join - big statics and task stacks to PSRAM

WiFi starts and joins on internal RAM: ~42 KB the first time, ~25 KB after,
more for WPA. Free internal RAM had shrunk to ~20 KB after opening the map
(the tile decoder's 12 KB stack, the 32 KB I-cache, the DMA draw buffers,
UI statics), so a scan failed at once (esp_wifi_init: no memory) and a join
during a tile download timed out (AUTH_EXPIRE).

- ESP-IDF: CONFIG_SPIRAM_ALLOW_BSS_SEG_EXTERNAL_MEMORY, and the esp_timer
  task stack 8 -> 4 KB (it uses ~0.4 KB). Rebuild the framework libs:
  pio run -e Wio_Tracker_L2_idf_libs.
- PSRAM_BSS (EXT_RAM_BSS_ATTR) on the UI's big statics: QR codes, map
  state, charts, lists. .dram0.bss 115 -> 66 KB.
- The tile decoder's and fetcher's task stacks in PSRAM.

Free internal RAM, idle: 48 -> 105 KB; WiFi up: 57 KB, 29 KB at the
lowest while downloading tiles.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/ChannelScreen.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static lv_obj_t* s_hex_sw = nullptr;
 static lv_obj_t* s_hint = nullptr;
 static lv_obj_t* s_status = nullptr;
 static lv_obj_t* s_kb = nullptr;
-static char s_scope_opts[256];
+static PSRAM_BSS char s_scope_opts[256];
 
 static void clearForm() {
   s_types = s_name = s_secret = s_hex_sw = s_hint = s_status = s_kb = nullptr;

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/ChatList.h

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ static void onOpenChannel(lv_event_t* e) {
 }
 
 // DM rows carry a 4-byte prefix; kept in a static table the rows point into.
-static uint8_t s_dm_rows[MessageHistory::DM_HIST_MAX][4];
+static PSRAM_BSS uint8_t s_dm_rows[MessageHistory::DM_HIST_MAX][4];
 static const int CONTACT_ROWS_MAX = 256;   // "All" with a full contact table stays usable
 static uint8_t (*s_contact_rows)[PUB_KEY_SIZE] = psramBuf<uint8_t[PUB_KEY_SIZE]>(CONTACT_ROWS_MAX);
 static uint16_t* s_contact_raw = psramBuf<uint16_t>(CONTACT_ROWS_MAX);   // their raw table index, for the name
 
-static uint16_t s_dm_pos[MessageHistory::DM_HIST_MAX];   // its newest message in the DM ring
+static PSRAM_BSS uint16_t s_dm_pos[MessageHistory::DM_HIST_MAX];   // its newest message in the DM ring
 static bool s_dm_known[MessageHistory::DM_HIST_MAX];      // a contact (has options on hold)
 static void onOpenDMRow(lv_event_t* e) {
   intptr_t r = vlist::arg(e);

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/DiagScreen.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static LiveVal s_vals[diag::MAX_ROWS + EXTRA];
 static int s_rows = 0;
 
 // The history, a sample every 5 minutes from boot (UITask::sampleHistory()).
-static uicore::StatusHistory<96, 300000UL> s_hist;
+static PSRAM_BSS uicore::StatusHistory<96, 300000UL> s_hist;
 static uint32_t s_hist_shown = 0;   // the history's version the charts show
 static lv_obj_t* s_ch_obj[4];       // History's charts and their values now
 static lv_obj_t* s_ch_now[4];
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static uint32_t totalRecv() {
 // One chart's samples as drawn: a copy, so the draw callback needn't know
 // which ring (of which size) they came from. What the axis and the pill
 // say is set once (setupCharts()).
-static chart::Chart s_charts[4];
+static PSRAM_BSS chart::Chart s_charts[4];
 template <int N>
 static void chartOf(int k, const uicore::History<N>& h) {
   chart::Chart& c = s_charts[k];
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ static void onNoiseRun(lv_event_t* e) { (void)e; s_ui->diagNoiseRun(); }
 
 // A sweep as bars (Chart.h), the step nearest the mesh's frequency in the
 // accent, then its quietest / loudest values.
-static chart::Chart s_sweep_chart;
+static PSRAM_BSS chart::Chart s_sweep_chart;
 static char s_sweep_under[3][12];
 static void plotSweep(lv_obj_t* list, const char* title, const Sweep& sw, float mesh_f) {
   sectionTitle(list, title);

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/GpsScreen.h

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static const int SKY = 168;
 static const int BAR_PITCH = 26, BAR_W = 16, BARS_H = 120, AXIS_W = 22;
 
 // Snapshot the screen draws from, sorted: used first, then by signal.
-static GpsSky::Sat s_sats[GpsSky::MAX_SATS];
+static PSRAM_BSS GpsSky::Sat s_sats[GpsSky::MAX_SATS];
 static bool s_used_flag[GpsSky::MAX_SATS];
 static int s_n = 0;
 

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/HomeScreen.h

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ static lv_obj_t* s_caption = nullptr;
 static const int MAX_PTS = LiveTrackStore::CAPACITY + 2;
 enum : uint8_t { P_ME, P_LAST, P_TARGET, P_LIVE };   // how a point's dot looks
 struct Pt { int32_t lat, lon; uint8_t kind; lv_obj_t* obj; };
-static Pt s_pts[MAX_PTS];   // [0] you, then the target, then live shares
+static PSRAM_BSS Pt s_pts[MAX_PTS];   // [0] you, then the target, then live shares
 static int s_npts = 0;
 static bool s_fitted = false;   // homeMapFit() ran for this map
 static int s_z = mapview::DEFAULT_Z;

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/LvglPort.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static void shotCopy(const lv_area_t* a, const uint8_t* px) {
 // once read; wifiStoreLoad() / wifiStoreWrite() (per board, below) hold them.
 static const int WIFI_SAVED_MAX = 8;
 struct WifiNet { char ssid[33]; char pass[65]; };
-static WifiNet s_nets[WIFI_SAVED_MAX];
+static PSRAM_BSS WifiNet s_nets[WIFI_SAVED_MAX];
 static int s_net_count = -1;   // -1: not read yet
 static void wifiStoreLoad();
 static void wifiStoreWrite();
@@ -760,7 +760,9 @@ static void fetchTask(void*) {
 // memory for the worker task.
 static int fetchStart(const char* url) {
   if (s_fstate != F_IDLE) return 0;
-  if (!s_ftask && xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(fetchTask, "tilefetch", 10240, nullptr, tskIDLE_PRIORITY, &s_ftask, 0) != pdPASS) {
+  // The stack in PSRAM, as the tile decoder's (TileCache.h): WiFi needs the internal RAM.
+  if (!s_ftask && xTaskCreatePinnedToCoreWithCaps(fetchTask, "tilefetch", 10240, nullptr, tskIDLE_PRIORITY, &s_ftask, 0,
+                                                  MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT) != pdPASS) {
     s_ftask = nullptr;
     return -1;
   }

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/MapScreen.h

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@
 
 namespace mapview {
 
-static RasterTileProvider s_raster("/sdcard/maps", LIVE_ROOT);
+static PSRAM_BSS RasterTileProvider s_raster("/sdcard/maps", LIVE_ROOT);
-static VectorTileProvider s_vector(s_raster);   // spike: vector data where there is some, raster elsewhere
+static PSRAM_BSS VectorTileProvider s_vector(s_raster);   // spike: vector data where there is some, raster elsewhere
 static TileProvider*      s_provider = &s_raster;   // Map tools > Vector map (test) swaps it
 static TileCache&         s_cache = *new (psramBuf<TileCache>(1)) TileCache();   // decoded tiles, in PSRAM
-static TileDownloader     s_dl("/sdcard/maps");
+static PSRAM_BSS TileDownloader     s_dl("/sdcard/maps");
-static AreaStore          s_areas("/sdcard/maps");
+static PSRAM_BSS AreaStore          s_areas("/sdcard/maps");
 static const uint32_t     AVG_TILE_BYTES = 22 * 1024;   // OpenTopoMap-ish, for the size estimate
 
 // Hand a tile to the decoder (on the other core); false while one is in flight.
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ void UITask::layoutMapMarks(double left, double top, int w, int h) {
   const int half = MARK_D / 2;
   const int lh = lv_font_get_line_height(THEME_FONT_SMALL) + 2;
   struct Box { int16_t x1, y1, x2, y2; };
-  static Box used[6 + MAX_MARKS + MARK_LABELS_MAX];   // the map's controls, the dots, the names
+  static PSRAM_BSS Box used[6 + MAX_MARKS + MARK_LABELS_MAX];   // the map's controls, the dots, the names
   int nu = 0;
   const int bottom = mapBottomH();   // the target's bar, or the route's
   const int16_t W = (int16_t)w, H = (int16_t)(h - bottom);

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/NavMap.h

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static const int PTS_MAX = TrailStore::CAPACITY + 2 * CHUNKS + TRAIL_SEGS + 4;
 static lv_point_precise_t* s_pts = nullptr;
 static int s_pts_n = 0;
 static int32_t s_pts_x0 = 0, s_pts_y0 = 0;   // the trail object's screen origin s_pts was made for
-static int s_seg_first[TRAIL_SEGS], s_segs = 0;
+static PSRAM_BSS int s_seg_first[TRAIL_SEGS], s_segs = 0;
 // What navTrailSync() has converted so far (s_sync_gen reset: all of it again).
 static uint32_t s_sync_gen = 0xFFFFFFFF, s_sync_seq = 0, s_sync_full_at = 0;
 static int s_sync_n = 0;
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ enum : uint8_t { TL_TRAIL_TOGGLE, TL_TRAIL_SAVE, TL_TRAIL_LOAD, TL_TRAIL_RESET,
 static const int SHARE_TARGETS = MAX_GROUP_CHANNELS + 16;
 static uint8_t s_share_kind[SHARE_TARGETS];               // 0 = channel, 1 = contact
 static uint8_t s_share_ch[SHARE_TARGETS];
-static uint8_t s_share_key[SHARE_TARGETS][NodePrefs::FAVOURITE_PREFIX_LEN];
+static PSRAM_BSS uint8_t s_share_key[SHARE_TARGETS][NodePrefs::FAVOURITE_PREFIX_LEN];
 static int     s_share_n = 0;
 
 // Print sink over a FILE* for TrailStore's GPX writer (same duck type as
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ struct FileRW {
 // list also offers -- the low-battery auto-save still goes there.
 static const char* const TRAILS_DIR = "/sdcard/trails";
 static const int ST_MAX = 40;
-static char s_st_names[ST_MAX][28];   // newest first
+static PSRAM_BSS char s_st_names[ST_MAX][28];   // newest first
 static int  s_st_n = 0;
 static int  s_st_sel = -2;            // the one the popup is about; -1 = the internal slot
 static lv_obj_t* s_st_del_lbl = nullptr;
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ void UITask::navToolsPopup(bool back) {
   // Worst case: "\n" + a 31-byte name per channel, "\n" + star (3) + space +
   // 31 bytes per favourite. Static: ~1.9 KB is a lot for the loop's stack, and
   // the dropdown copies it.
-  static char opts[MAX_GROUP_CHANNELS * 32 + 16 * 36 + 1];
+  static PSRAM_BSS char opts[MAX_GROUP_CHANNELS * 32 + 16 * 36 + 1];
   int o = 0, sel = 0;
   navmap::s_share_n = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < MAX_GROUP_CHANNELS && navmap::s_share_n < navmap::SHARE_TARGETS; i++) {

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/ProfileView.h

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 
 namespace profileview {
 
-static trailprofile::Sampler s_prof;   // what the chart on screen shows
+static PSRAM_BSS trailprofile::Sampler s_prof;   // what the chart on screen shows
-static chart::Chart s_chart;
+static PSRAM_BSS chart::Chart s_chart;
 static char s_under[3][12];
 
 static void distText(float m, char* out, size_t n) {

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/SettingsPages.h

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ static void qrImage(lv_image_dsc_t& dsc, uint8_t* data, size_t size, int n, int
 // The Solo site's QR code (ui-core/SiteQr.h), built once at 5 px a module.
 static lv_obj_t* siteQr(lv_obj_t* parent) {
   static const int S = 5, PX = (siteqr::N + 2 * siteqr::QUIET) * S;
-  static uint8_t data[8 + (PX + 7) / 8 * PX];
+  static PSRAM_BSS uint8_t data[8 + (PX + 7) / 8 * PX];
   static lv_image_dsc_t dsc;
   if (!dsc.data) qrImage(dsc, data, sizeof(data), siteqr::N, S, siteqr::dark);
   lv_obj_t* img = lv_image_create(parent);
@@ -386,9 +386,9 @@ static lv_obj_t* siteQr(lv_obj_t* parent) {
 // shown (the name can change), 3 px a module; null when it doesn't fit.
 static lv_obj_t* contactQr(lv_obj_t* parent) {
   static const int S = 3, PX = (contactqr::MAX_VERSION * 4 + 17 + 2 * siteqr::QUIET) * S;
-  static uint8_t data[8 + (PX + 7) / 8 * PX];
+  static PSRAM_BSS uint8_t data[8 + (PX + 7) / 8 * PX];
   static lv_image_dsc_t dsc;
-  static contactqr::Code code;
+  static PSRAM_BSS contactqr::Code code;
   if (!contactqr::make(code)) return nullptr;
   qrImage(dsc, data, sizeof(data), code.n, S, [](int x, int y) { return code.dark(x, y); });
   lv_obj_t* img = lv_image_create(parent);

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/UITask.cpp

@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ void UITask::takeScreenshot() {
     put32(2, size); put32(10, 54); put32(14, 40); put32(18, W); put32(22, H);
     hdr[26] = 1; hdr[28] = 24; put32(34, row * H);
     ok = fwrite(hdr, 1, 54, f) == 54;
-    static uint8_t line[320 * 3];   // not on the loop task's stack
+    static PSRAM_BSS uint8_t line[320 * 3];   // not on the loop task's stack
     for (int32_t y = H - 1; ok && y >= 0; y--) {   // bottom-up, BGR
       const uint16_t* s = px + y * W;
       for (int32_t x = 0; x < W && x < 320; x++) {

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/UITask.h

@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@
 #include <helpers/SensorManager.h>
 #include <helpers/BaseSerialInterface.h>
 #include <lvgl.h>
+// A big zero-initialised static in PSRAM (ESP32): the internal RAM is what
+// WiFi starts and joins on. Not for what DMA or an interrupt touches.
+#if defined(ESP32)
+  #include <esp_attr.h>
+  #define PSRAM_BSS EXT_RAM_BSS_ATTR
+#else
+  #define PSRAM_BSS
+#endif
 #ifdef PIN_BUZZER
   #include <helpers/ui/buzzer.h>
 #endif

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/WifiScreen.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //
 // Single-TU fragment: included by ui-lvgl/UITask.cpp after MapScreen.h.
 
-static char s_wifi_names[lvport::WIFI_SCAN_MAX][33];
+static PSRAM_BSS char s_wifi_names[lvport::WIFI_SCAN_MAX][33];
 
 static void onWifiScan(lv_event_t* e) { (void)e; s_ui->wifiScan(); }
 static void onWifiSave(lv_event_t* e) { (void)e; s_ui->wifiSave(); }

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/map/TileCache.h

@@ -55,7 +55,10 @@ public:
     _job_stale = false;
     _job_state = JOB_RUNNING;
 #if defined(ESP32)
-    if (!_task && xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(jobTask, "tiles", 12288, this, tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 1, &_task, 0) != pdPASS) {
+    // The stack in PSRAM: internal RAM is what WiFi starts on (it fails to
+    // with ~25 KB left), and the task only reads the SD card, never the flash.
+    if (!_task && xTaskCreatePinnedToCoreWithCaps(jobTask, "tiles", 12288, this, tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 1, &_task, 0,
+                                                  MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT) != pdPASS) {
       _task = nullptr;
       runJob();   // no task: here, as before
       return true;

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/map/VectorLabels.h

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ static void layout(double left, double top, int w, int h, int z, bool on, int bo
 
   // Greedy placement: the icon, then the text right / left / above / below it.
   struct Box { int16_t x1, y1, x2, y2; };
-  static Box used[MAX_PLACED * 2 + 8];
+  static PSRAM_BSS Box used[MAX_PLACED * 2 + 8];
   int nu = 0;
   // The map's controls: button columns, the zoom pill between them, scale /
   // credit and the centre button above the bottom bar, the bar.

examples/companion_radio/ui-lvgl/map/VectorPacks.h

@@ -206,6 +206,6 @@ private:
   }
 };
 
-static VectorPacks s_vpacks;
+static PSRAM_BSS VectorPacks s_vpacks;
 
 }  // namespace mapview

solo/wio-tracker-l2/idf/sdkconfig

@@ -25,3 +25,10 @@ CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_DYNAMIC_TX_BUFFER=y
 CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_DYNAMIC_TX_BUFFER_NUM=32
 CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_RX_BA_WIN=6
 CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_OOSEQ_MAX_PBUFS=4
+
+# Internal RAM is what WiFi starts and joins on (~25 KB, more for WPA): big
+# zero-initialised statics marked EXT_RAM_BSS_ATTR (QR codes, map state,
+# charts...) go to PSRAM instead.
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_ALLOW_BSS_SEG_EXTERNAL_MEMORY=y
+# Its callbacks are short (~0.4 KB of stack used): half the framework's 8 KB.
+CONFIG_ESP_TIMER_TASK_STACK_SIZE=4096