{
  "meta": {
    "title": "Post-Install: Network | ProxMenux Documentation",
    "description": "Network-related optimizations in the ProxMenux Customizable post-install script: force APT over IPv4, apply a curated sysctl tuning profile, install Open vSwitch, enable TCP BBR + Fast Open, and pin interface names to their MAC addresses."
  },
  "header": {
    "title": "Post-Install: Network",
    "section": "Settings post-install Proxmox"
  },
  "intro": {
    "title": "What this category covers",
    "body": "Five independent network options. Two are small (<strong>APT over IPv4</strong>, <strong>Open vSwitch install</strong>), two tune TCP behaviour (<strong>network sysctl profile</strong>, <strong>BBR + Fast Open</strong>), and one fixes a common operational headache — <strong>pinning interface names</strong> so a new NIC or a BIOS update doesn't rename <code>enp3s0</code> to <code>enp4s0</code> and break your bridges."
  },
  "ipv4": {
    "heading": "Force APT to use IPv4",
    "intro": "Writes <code>Acquire::ForceIPv4 \"true\";</code> to <code>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99-force-ipv4</code>. APT then refuses to use IPv6 for package downloads, even if the host has IPv6 connectivity.",
    "tipTitle": "Who benefits",
    "tipBody": "Useful when your IPv6 path is flaky, slower than IPv4, or the Debian/Proxmox mirror occasionally breaks over IPv6 (it happens). Harmless on hosts without IPv6. On a healthy dual-stack network, it's just a guarantee of predictable behaviour — apt won't surprise you with an IPv6 timeout."
  },
  "sysctl": {
    "heading": "Apply network optimizations",
    "intro": "Writes a curated sysctl profile to <code>/etc/sysctl.d/99-network.conf</code> covering core socket buffers, ICMP hardening, basic spoof protection, and TCP buffer sizes that make sense on a hypervisor with lots of concurrent flows.",
    "tunedTitle": "What gets tuned",
    "headerArea": "Area",
    "headerSettings": "Key settings",
    "rows": [
      {
        "area": "Core socket buffers",
        "settings": "<code>netdev_max_backlog=8192</code>, <code>rmem_max=16M</code>, <code>wmem_max=16M</code>, <code>somaxconn=8192</code>"
      },
      {
        "area": "ICMP hardening",
        "settings": "<code>icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1</code>, <code>icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1</code>"
      },
      {
        "area": "Routing safety",
        "settings": "<code>accept_redirects=0</code>, <code>accept_source_route=0</code>, <code>secure_redirects=0</code>, <code>send_redirects=0</code>"
      },
      {
        "area": "Reverse path filter",
        "settings": "<code>rp_filter=2</code> (loose mode, see note below)"
      },
      {
        "area": "TCP",
        "settings": "<code>tcp_mtu_probing=1</code>, <code>tcp_rfc1337=1</code>, <code>tcp_sack=1</code>, <code>tcp_rmem=8K/87K/16M</code>, <code>tcp_wmem=8K/64K/16M</code>"
      },
      {
        "area": "Ports",
        "settings": "<code>ip_local_port_range=1024 65535</code> (ephemeral port pool)"
      },
      {
        "area": "Unix sockets",
        "settings": "<code>net.unix.max_dgram_qlen=4096</code>"
      }
    ],
    "sourceOutro": "It also adds <code>source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*</code> to <code>/etc/network/interfaces</code> if not already present — standard practice so you can drop modular interface snippets without editing the main file.",
    "fwbrTitle": "Automatic tuning of virtual firewall bridges",
    "fwbrBody": "Alongside the sysctl profile, ProxMenux installs a helper at <code>/usr/local/sbin/proxmenux-fwbr-tune</code> that applies <code>rp_filter=0</code> and <code>log_martians=0</code> to the <code>fwbr*</code> / <code>fwln*</code> / <code>fwpr*</code> / <code>tap*</code> interfaces Proxmox creates around VMs and containers. The helper is invoked by the <code>proxmenux-fwbr-tune.service</code> one-shot unit at boot, and by the <code>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-proxmenux-fwbr-tune.rules</code> rule on every <code>net add</code> event matching those prefixes — covering interfaces that Proxmox recreates on VM start/stop, reboot and live migration.",
    "rpFilterTitle": "Why rp_filter=2 (loose) instead of 1 (strict)",
    "rpFilterBody": "Strict reverse-path filtering drops packets whose source would be routed out a <em>different</em> interface. That's the right default on a client machine, but breaks badly on a Proxmox host where VM traffic often arrives on a bridge and leaves on an uplink with asymmetric routes. <code>rp_filter=2</code> (loose) only drops packets with truly unroutable sources. It's a pragmatic trade-off — slight reduction in local-IP-spoof detection in exchange for not breaking your VM network."
  },
  "ovs": {
    "heading": "Install Open vSwitch",
    "intro": "Installs <code>openvswitch-switch</code> + <code>openvswitch-common</code>. These packages add OVS as a bridge implementation alternative to the standard Linux bridges that Proxmox uses by default. The install alone doesn't change any networking — existing <code>vmbrX</code> bridges keep working. OVS becomes available in the Proxmox UI when you <em>create</em> a new bridge and pick it from the type dropdown.",
    "tipTitle": "When OVS makes sense",
    "tipBody": "Consider OVS if you need <strong>VLAN trunking with non-contiguous VLAN IDs</strong>, <strong>LACP with LLDP on specific modes</strong>, <strong>fine-grained flow programming</strong> (OpenFlow), or interoperation with SDN controllers. For a home lab with a couple of VLANs and a single LACP uplink, standard Linux bridges + <code>vmbrX.VID</code> are simpler and perfectly fine.",
    "revertTitle": "Not reversible from the Uninstall menu",
    "revertBody": "Installing OVS is not tracked in Uninstall Optimizations. If you decide you don't want it, remove it manually — but only after migrating any bridges back to Linux bridges first:"
  },
  "bbr": {
    "heading": "Enable TCP BBR + TCP Fast Open",
    "intro": "Writes two sysctl files and reloads them. BBR replaces the default CUBIC congestion control with Google's bandwidth-based algorithm, which handles long-fat pipes and lossy links much better. TCP Fast Open (TFO) eliminates a round trip on repeat TCP connections by piggy-backing data on the SYN.",
    "verifyTitle": "Verification",
    "impactTitle": "Impact is workload-dependent",
    "impactBody": "BBR shines on high-latency or lossy links (cross-continent replication, VPN tunnels, mobile clients). On a LAN between two machines on the same switch, the difference is often within noise. TFO helps short, repeated HTTP connections the most.",
    "revertTitle": "Not reversible from the Uninstall menu",
    "revertBody": "BBR/TFO aren't tracked. To revert, remove the two sysctl files and reload:"
  },
  "names": {
    "heading": "Interface Names (persistent)",
    "intro": "Iterates over every physical NIC the host has (skipping loopback, Docker veths, bridges, TAP devices, bonds, Cilium, ZeroTier, WireGuard) and writes a systemd <code>.link</code> file binding the current interface name to the current MAC address. The kernel's naming logic can then no longer rename that NIC — the MAC wins.",
    "whyTitle": "Why this matters",
    "whyItems": [
      "Adding or removing PCIe devices can shift the bus numbering, turning <code>enp3s0</code> into <code>enp4s0</code>. If your <code>/etc/network/interfaces</code> references the old name, the bridge vanishes on reboot.",
      "BIOS / firmware updates sometimes change how devices enumerate, with the same effect.",
      "LXC containers with <code>hotplug</code> NICs and bonded links can race on boot and end up named inconsistently. Pinning fixes that."
    ],
    "writtenTitle": "What gets written",
    "writtenIntro": "One file per physical NIC, at <code>/etc/systemd/network/10-proxmenux-&lt;iface&gt;.link</code>. Each file starts with the header <code># Managed by ProxMenux — do not edit</code> so ProxMenux can distinguish its own files from user- or package-provided <code>.link</code> files.",
    "writtenOutro": "<code>.link</code> files from other packages or hand-written by the user are left in place — only files carrying the ProxMenux header are managed. On re-run, the function reconciles its own set: it re-reads <code>MACAddress=</code> from every <code>10-proxmenux-*.link</code> and drops any whose MAC no longer appears under <code>/sys/class/net/</code>. Files written by an earlier ProxMenux release in the old <code>10-&lt;iface&gt;.link</code> format are migrated automatically the first time.",
    "pveTitle": "PVE 9 vs PVE 8",
    "pveBody": "On Proxmox VE 9 (<code>systemd-networkd</code> native), the script reloads udev rules after writing the <code>.link</code> files so new hotplug NICs pick up the correct name without a reboot. On PVE 8 (<code>ifupdown2</code>), interface naming is resolved at boot anyway — a reboot is required for the changes to take effect. The script sets the reboot flag either way so Customizable prompts you.",
    "reviewTitle": "Review existing /etc/network/interfaces first",
    "reviewBody": "If your host has legacy configuration in <code>/etc/network/interfaces</code> that references NIC names generated by the kernel's default scheme, pinning <em>today's</em> names is exactly what you want. But if you've already manually customised the config around specific names, double-check the pinning matches what the interfaces file expects before rebooting.",
    "revertTitle": "Reversible from the Uninstall menu",
    "revertBody": "<link>Uninstall Optimizations</link> deletes only the <code>10-proxmenux-*.link</code> files carrying the ProxMenux header from <code>/etc/systemd/network/</code>. Any <code>.link</code> file added by the user or by another package is preserved. Interface names return to systemd's default behaviour on next reboot."
  },
  "related": {
    "heading": "Related",
    "items": [
      {
        "label": "Network Management",
        "href": "/docs/network",
        "tail": " — diagnostics, bridge analysis, guided repairs."
      },
      {
        "label": "Persistent interface names",
        "href": "/docs/network/persistent-names",
        "tail": " — same idea exposed as its own menu later (use either, not both)."
      },
      {
        "label": "Network commands reference",
        "href": "/docs/help-info/network-commands",
        "tail": " — ip, ss, ethtool, sysctl."
      },
      {
        "label": "Uninstall Optimizations",
        "href": "/docs/post-install/uninstall",
        "tail": " — revert any of these network changes."
      },
      {
        "label": "Customizable Post-Install",
        "href": "/docs/post-install/customizable",
        "tail": " — back to the parent menu."
      }
    ]
  }
}