diff --git a/Scripts/Features/BackupRegistrySnapshotCapture.ps1 b/Scripts/Features/BackupRegistrySnapshotCapture.ps1
index fc77837..2d0893d 100644
--- a/Scripts/Features/BackupRegistrySnapshotCapture.ps1
+++ b/Scripts/Features/BackupRegistrySnapshotCapture.ps1
@@ -226,12 +226,19 @@ function Convert-RegistryValueToSnapshot {
 
     $valueKind = $RegistryKey.GetValueKind($ValueName)
     $value = $RegistryKey.GetValue($ValueName, $null, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames)
-    $normalizedValue = switch ($valueKind) {
-        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::Binary) { @($value | ForEach-Object { [int]$_ }) }
-        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::MultiString) { @($value) }
-        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) { [uint32]$value }
-        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::QWord) { [uint64]$value }
-        default { if ($null -ne $value) { [string]$value } else { $null } }
+    try {
+        $normalizedValue = switch ($valueKind) {
+            ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::Binary) { @($value | ForEach-Object { [int]$_ }) }
+            ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::MultiString) { @($value) }
+            ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) { [BitConverter]::ToUInt32([BitConverter]::GetBytes([int32]$value), 0) }
+            ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::QWord) { [BitConverter]::ToUInt64([BitConverter]::GetBytes([int64]$value), 0) }
+            default { if ($null -ne $value) { [string]$value } else { $null } }
+        }
+    }
+    catch {
+        $valueType = if ($null -ne $value) { $value.GetType().FullName } else { '<null>' }
+        $valueForLog = if ($null -eq $value) { '<null>' } elseif ($value -is [array]) { ($value -join ',') } else { [string]$value }
+        throw "Failed to normalize registry value for backup. Key='$($RegistryKey.Name)' Name='$ValueName' Kind='$valueKind' RawType='$valueType' RawValue='$valueForLog'. InnerError: $($_.Exception.Message)"
     }
 
     return @{
diff --git a/Scripts/Features/ExecuteChanges.ps1 b/Scripts/Features/ExecuteChanges.ps1
index 4d155b4..772627a 100644
--- a/Scripts/Features/ExecuteChanges.ps1
+++ b/Scripts/Features/ExecuteChanges.ps1
@@ -170,7 +170,12 @@ function ExecuteAllChanges {
         }
 
         Write-Host "> Creating registry backup..."
-        New-RegistrySettingsBackup -ActionableKeys $actionableKeys | Out-Null
+        try {
+            New-RegistrySettingsBackup -ActionableKeys $actionableKeys | Out-Null
+        }
+        catch {
+            throw "Registry backup failed before applying changes. $($_.Exception.Message)"
+        }
     }
     
     # Create restore point if requested (CLI only - GUI handles this separately)
diff --git a/Scripts/Features/RestoreRegistryApplyState.ps1 b/Scripts/Features/RestoreRegistryApplyState.ps1
index 49a92f9..705dbb7 100644
--- a/Scripts/Features/RestoreRegistryApplyState.ps1
+++ b/Scripts/Features/RestoreRegistryApplyState.ps1
@@ -157,8 +157,14 @@ function Convert-RegistryValueDataFromBackup {
     )
 
     switch ($Kind) {
-        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) { return [uint32]$Data }
-        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::QWord) { return [uint64]$Data }
+        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) {
+            $unsigned = [uint32]$Data
+            return [BitConverter]::ToInt32([BitConverter]::GetBytes($unsigned), 0)
+        }
+        ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::QWord) {
+            $unsigned = [uint64]$Data
+            return [BitConverter]::ToInt64([BitConverter]::GetBytes($unsigned), 0)
+        }
         ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::MultiString) { return @($Data | ForEach-Object { [string]$_ }) }
         ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::Binary) {
             $bytes = Convert-BackupDataToByteArray -Data $Data