Migrate from Flask to FastAPI (#163)

* Migrate from Flask to FastAPI

 * FastAPI migration:
    - Use pydantic model classes as input parameters to the
      data/calculation classes.
    - Interface field names changed to constructor parameter names (for
      simplicity only during transition, should be updated in a followup
      PR).
    - Add basic interface requirements (e.g. some values > 0, etc.).
 * Update tests for new data format.
 * Python requirement down to 3.9 (TypeGuard no longer needed)
 * Makefile: Add helpful targets (e.g. development server with reload)

* Move API doc from README to pydantic model classes (swagger)

 * Link to swagger.io with own openapi.yml.
 * Commit openapi.json and check with pytest for changes so the
   documentation is always up-to-date.

* Streamline docker

* FastAPI: Run startup action on dev server

 * Fix config for /strompreis, endpoint still broken however.

* test_openapi: Compare against docs/.../openapi.json

* Move fastapi to server/ submodule

 * See #187 for new repository structure.

tests/test_class_ems.py

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
-from akkudoktoreos.class_akku import PVAkku
-from akkudoktoreos.class_ems import EnergieManagementSystem
-from akkudoktoreos.class_haushaltsgeraet import Haushaltsgeraet
-from akkudoktoreos.class_inverter import Wechselrichter
+from akkudoktoreos.class_akku import EAutoParameters, PVAkku, PVAkkuParameters
+from akkudoktoreos.class_ems import (
+    EnergieManagementSystem,
+    EnergieManagementSystemParameters,
+)
+from akkudoktoreos.class_haushaltsgeraet import (
+    Haushaltsgeraet,
+    HaushaltsgeraetParameters,
+)
+from akkudoktoreos.class_inverter import Wechselrichter, WechselrichterParameters
 from akkudoktoreos.config import AppConfig
 
 prediction_hours = 48
@@ -17,21 +23,30 @@ start_hour = 1
 def create_ems_instance(tmp_config: AppConfig) -> EnergieManagementSystem:
     """Fixture to create an EnergieManagementSystem instance with given test parameters."""
     # Initialize the battery and the inverter
-    akku = PVAkku(kapazitaet_wh=5000, start_soc_prozent=80, hours=48, min_soc_prozent=10)
+    akku = PVAkku(
+        PVAkkuParameters(kapazitaet_wh=5000, start_soc_prozent=80, min_soc_prozent=10),
+        hours=prediction_hours,
+    )
     akku.reset()
-    wechselrichter = Wechselrichter(10000, akku)
+    wechselrichter = Wechselrichter(WechselrichterParameters(max_leistung_wh=10000), akku)
 
     # Household device (currently not used, set to None)
     home_appliance = Haushaltsgeraet(
+        HaushaltsgeraetParameters(
+            verbrauch_wh=2000,
+            dauer_h=2,
+        ),
         hours=prediction_hours,
-        verbrauch_wh=2000,
-        dauer_h=2,
     )
     home_appliance.set_startzeitpunkt(2)
 
     # Example initialization of electric car battery
-    eauto = PVAkku(kapazitaet_wh=26400, start_soc_prozent=10, hours=48, min_soc_prozent=10)
-    eauto.set_charge_per_hour(np.full(48, 1))
+    eauto = PVAkku(
+        EAutoParameters(kapazitaet_wh=26400, start_soc_prozent=10, min_soc_prozent=10),
+        hours=prediction_hours,
+    )
+    eauto.set_charge_per_hour(np.full(prediction_hours, 1))
+
     # Parameters based on previous example data
     pv_prognose_wh = [
         0,
@@ -135,7 +150,8 @@ def create_ems_instance(tmp_config: AppConfig) -> EnergieManagementSystem:
         0.0002780,
     ]
 
-    einspeiseverguetung_euro_pro_wh = [0.00007] * len(strompreis_euro_pro_wh)
+    einspeiseverguetung_euro_pro_wh = 0.00007
+    preis_euro_pro_wh_akku = 0.0001
 
     gesamtlast = [
         676.71,
@@ -190,12 +206,15 @@ def create_ems_instance(tmp_config: AppConfig) -> EnergieManagementSystem:
 
     # Initialize the energy management system with the respective parameters
     ems = EnergieManagementSystem(
-        config=tmp_config.eos,
-        pv_prognose_wh=pv_prognose_wh,
-        strompreis_euro_pro_wh=strompreis_euro_pro_wh,
-        einspeiseverguetung_euro_pro_wh=einspeiseverguetung_euro_pro_wh,
+        tmp_config.eos,
+        EnergieManagementSystemParameters(
+            pv_prognose_wh=pv_prognose_wh,
+            strompreis_euro_pro_wh=strompreis_euro_pro_wh,
+            einspeiseverguetung_euro_pro_wh=einspeiseverguetung_euro_pro_wh,
+            preis_euro_pro_wh_akku=preis_euro_pro_wh_akku,
+            gesamtlast=gesamtlast,
+        ),
         eauto=eauto,
-        gesamtlast=gesamtlast,
         haushaltsgeraet=home_appliance,
         wechselrichter=wechselrichter,
     )
@@ -249,7 +268,7 @@ def test_simulation(create_ems_instance):
         "akku_soc_pro_stunde",
         "Einnahmen_Euro_pro_Stunde",
         "Gesamtbilanz_Euro",
-        "E-Auto_SoC_pro_Stunde",
+        "EAuto_SoC_pro_Stunde",
         "Gesamteinnahmen_Euro",
         "Gesamtkosten_Euro",
         "Verluste_Pro_Stunde",