chore(deps): bump the patch group with 2 updates

Bumps the patch group with 2 updates: [github.com/go-playground/validator/v10](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) and [github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn](https://github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn).


Updates `github.com/go-playground/validator/v10` from 10.30.1 to 10.30.2
- [Release notes](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/compare/v10.30.1...v10.30.2)

Updates `github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn` from 0.16.1 to 0.16.3
- [Release notes](https://github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/compare/v0.16.1...v0.16.3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/go-playground/validator/v10
  dependency-version: 10.30.2
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
  dependency-group: patch
- dependency-name: github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn
  dependency-version: 0.16.3
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
  dependency-group: patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/workflows/chart.yml

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run chart-testing (lint)
         run: ct lint --config ct.yaml
 
-      - uses: nolar/setup-k3d-k3s@293b8e5822a20bc0d5bcdd4826f1a665e72aba96 # v1.0.9
+      - uses: nolar/setup-k3d-k3s@8bf8d22160e8b1d184dcb780e390d6952a7eec65 # v1.0.10
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}

.github/workflows/docker-publish.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@c7c53464625b32c7a7e944ae62b3e17d2b600130 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Get Version
         shell: bash
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
 
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@c299e40c65443455700f0fdfc63efafe5b349051 # v5.10.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
         with:
           images: |
             wgportal/wg-portal
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
             type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}
 
       - name: Build and push Docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
         with:
           context: .
           push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
             BUILD_VERSION=${{ env.BUILD_VERSION }}
 
       - name: Export binaries from images
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ jobs:
           done
 
       - name: Upload binaries
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: binaries
           path: binaries/wg-portal_linux*
@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
     steps:
       - name: Download binaries
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           name: binaries
 
       - name: Create GitHub Release
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@a06a81a03ee405af7f2048a818ed3f03bbf83c7b # v2.5.0
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@153bb8e04406b158c6c84fc1615b65b24149a1fe # v2.6.1
         with:
           files: 'wg-portal_linux*'
           generate_release_notes: true

Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Go parameters
 GOCMD=go
+GOVERSION=1.25
 MODULENAME=github.com/h44z/wg-portal
-GOFILES:=$(shell go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/)
+GOFILES=$(shell go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/)
 BUILDDIR=dist
 BINARIES=$(subst cmd/,,$(wildcard cmd/*))
 IMAGE=h44z/wg-portal
@@ -51,6 +52,11 @@ format:
 .PHONY: test
 test: test-vet test-race
 
+#> test-in-docker: Run tests in Docker (for non-Linux environments e.g. MacOS)
+.PHONY: test-in-docker
+test-in-docker:
+	docker run --rm -u $(shell id -u):$(shell id -g) -e HOME=/tmp -v $(PWD):/app -w /app golang:$(GOVERSION) make test
+
 #< test-vet: Static code analysis
 .PHONY: test-vet
 test-vet: build-dependencies

cmd/wg-portal/main.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func main() {
 	internal.AssertNoError(err)
 	auditRecorder.StartBackgroundJobs(ctx)
 
-	userManager, err := users.NewUserManager(cfg, eventBus, database, database)
+	userManager, err := users.NewUserManager(cfg, eventBus, database, database, database)
 	internal.AssertNoError(err)
 	userManager.StartBackgroundJobs(ctx)
 

docs/documentation/configuration/examples.md

@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ auth:
         memberof: memberOf
       admin_group: CN=WireGuardAdmins,OU=Some-OU,DC=COMPANY,DC=LOCAL
       registration_enabled: true
+      # Restrict interface access based on LDAP filters
+      interface_filter:
+        wg0: "(memberOf=CN=VPNUsers,OU=Groups,DC=COMPANY,DC=LOCAL)"
       log_user_info: true
 ```
 

docs/documentation/configuration/overview.md

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ core:
   
 backend:
   default: local
+  rekey_timeout_interval: 125s
   local_resolvconf_prefix: tun.
 
 advanced:
@@ -203,6 +204,13 @@ The current MikroTik backend is in **BETA** and may not support all features.
 - **Description:** The default backend to use for managing WireGuard interfaces. 
   Valid options are: `local`, or other backend id's configured in the `mikrotik` section.
 
+### `rekey_timeout_interval`
+- **Default:** `180s`
+- **Environment Variable:** `WG_PORTAL_BACKEND_REKEY_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL`
+- **Description:** The interval after which a WireGuard peer is considered disconnected if no handshake updates are received. 
+  This corresponds to the WireGuard rekey timeout setting of 120 seconds plus a 60-second buffer to account for latency or retry handling.
+  Uses Go duration format (e.g., `10s`, `1m`). If omitted, a default of 180 seconds is used.
+
 ### `local_resolvconf_prefix`
 - **Default:** `tun.`
 - **Environment Variable:** `WG_PORTAL_BACKEND_LOCAL_RESOLVCONF_PREFIX`
@@ -734,6 +742,16 @@ Below are the properties for each LDAP provider entry inside `auth.ldap`:
 - **Important**: The `login_filter` must always be a valid LDAP filter. It should at most return one user. 
   If the filter returns multiple or no users, the login will fail.
 
+#### `interface_filter`
+- **Default:** *(empty)*
+- **Description:** A map of LDAP filters to restrict access to specific WireGuard interfaces. The map keys are the interface identifiers (e.g., `wg0`), and the values are LDAP filters. Only users matching the filter will be allowed to provision peers for the respective interface.
+  For example:
+  ```yaml
+  interface_filter:
+    wg0: "(memberOf=CN=VPNUsers,OU=Groups,DC=COMPANY,DC=LOCAL)"
+    wg1: "(description=special-access)"
+  ```
+
 #### `admin_group`
 - **Default:** *(empty)*
 - **Description:** A specific LDAP group whose members are considered administrators in WireGuard Portal.

docs/documentation/getting-started/docker.md

@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ WireGuard Portal supports managing WireGuard interfaces through three distinct d
    > :warning: If host networking is used, the WireGuard Portal UI will be accessible on all the host's IP addresses if the listening address is set to `:8888` in the configuration file.
    To avoid this, you can bind the listening address to a specific IP address, for example, the loopback address (`127.0.0.1:8888`). It is also possible to deploy firewall rules to restrict access to the WireGuard Portal UI.
 
+   > :warning: If the host is running **systemd-networkd**, routes managed by WireGuard Portal may be removed whenever systemd-networkd restarts, as it will clean up routes it considers "foreign". To prevent this, add the following to your host's network configuration (e.g. `/etc/systemd/networkd.conf` or a drop-in file):
+   > ```ini
+   > [Network]
+   > ManageForeignRoutingPolicyRules=no
+   > ManageForeignRoutes=no
+   > ```
+   > After editing, reload the configuration with `sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd`. For more information refer to the [systemd-networkd documentation](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/networkd.conf.html#ManageForeignRoutes=).
+
  - **Within the WireGuard Portal Docker container**: 
    WireGuard interfaces can be managed directly from within the WireGuard Portal container itself.
    This is the recommended approach when running WireGuard Portal via Docker, as it encapsulates all functionality in a single, portable container without requiring a separate WireGuard host or image.

docs/documentation/usage/authentication.md

@@ -147,6 +147,26 @@ You can map users to admin roles based on their group membership in the LDAP ser
 The `admin_group` property defines the distinguished name of the group that is allowed to log in as admin.
 All groups that are listed in the `memberof` attribute of the user will be checked against this group. If one of the groups matches, the user is granted admin access.
 
+### Interface-specific Provisioning Filters
+
+You can restrict which users are allowed to provision peers for specific WireGuard interfaces by setting the `interface_filter` property.
+This property is a map where each key corresponds to a WireGuard interface identifier, and the value is an LDAP filter.
+A user will only be able to see and provision peers for an interface if they match the specified LDAP filter for that interface.
+
+Example:
+```yaml
+auth:
+  ldap:
+    - provider_name: "ldap1"
+      # ... other settings
+      interface_filter:
+        wg0: "(memberOf=CN=VPNUsers,OU=Groups,DC=COMPANY,DC=LOCAL)"
+        wg1: "(department=IT)"
+```
+
+This feature works by materializing the list of authorized users for each interface during the periodic LDAP synchronization.
+Even if a user bypasses the UI, the backend will enforce these restrictions at the service layer.
+
 
 ## User Synchronization
 

docs/documentation/usage/user-sync.md

@@ -43,4 +43,12 @@ If you set the `disable_missing` property to `true`, any user that is not found
 All peers associated with that user will also be disabled.
 
 If you want a user and its peers to be automatically re-enabled once they are found in LDAP again, set the `auto_re_enable` property to `true`.
-This will only re-enable the user if they were disabled by the synchronization process. Manually disabled users will not be re-enabled.
+This will only re-enable the user if they were disabled by the synchronization process. Manually disabled users will not be re-enabled.
+
+##### Interface-specific Access Materialization
+
+If `interface_filter` is configured in the LDAP provider, the synchronization process will evaluate these filters for each enabled user.
+The results are materialized in the `interfaces` table of the database in a hidden field. 
+This materialized list is used by the backend to quickly determine if a user has permission to provision peers for a specific interface, without having to query the LDAP server for every request.
+The list is refreshed every time the LDAP synchronization runs.
+For more details on how to configure these filters, see the [Authentication](./authentication.md#interface-specific-provisioning-filters) section.

frontend/index.html

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
       let WGPORTAL_SITE_TITLE="WireGuard Portal";
       let WGPORTAL_SITE_COMPANY_NAME="WireGuard Portal";
     </script>
-    <script src="/api/v0/config/frontend.js"></script>
+    <script src="/api/v0/config/frontend.js" vite-ignore></script>
   </head>
   <body class="d-flex flex-column min-vh-100">
     <noscript>

frontend/package.json

@@ -9,28 +9,28 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@fontsource/nunito-sans": "^5.2.7",
-    "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^7.1.0",
+    "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^7.2.0",
     "@kyvg/vue3-notification": "^3.4.2",
     "@popperjs/core": "^2.11.8",
-    "@simplewebauthn/browser": "^13.2.2",
-    "@vojtechlanka/vue-tags-input": "^3.1.1",
+    "@simplewebauthn/browser": "^13.3.0",
+    "@vojtechlanka/vue-tags-input": "^3.1.2",
     "bootstrap": "^5.3.8",
     "bootswatch": "^5.3.8",
-    "cidr-tools": "^11.0.3",
+    "cidr-tools": "^11.3.2",
     "flag-icons": "^7.5.0",
     "ip-address": "^10.1.0",
-    "is-cidr": "^6.0.1",
+    "is-cidr": "^6.0.3",
     "is-ip": "^5.0.1",
     "pinia": "^3.0.4",
     "prismjs": "^1.30.0",
-    "vue": "^3.5.25",
-    "vue-i18n": "^11.2.2",
+    "vue": "^3.5.31",
+    "vue-i18n": "^11.3.0",
     "vue-prism-component": "github:h44z/vue-prism-component",
-    "vue-router": "^4.6.3"
+    "vue-router": "^5.0.4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^6.0.2",
-    "sass-embedded": "^1.93.3",
-    "vite": "^7.2.7"
+    "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^6.0.5",
+    "sass-embedded": "^1.98.0",
+    "vite": "^8.0.3"
   }
 }

frontend/src/components/InterfaceEditModal.vue

@@ -315,6 +315,7 @@ async function applyPeerDefaults() {
 
 async function del() {
   if (isDeleting.value) return
+  if (!confirm(t('modals.interface-edit.confirm-delete', {id: selectedInterface.value.Identifier}))) return
   isDeleting.value = true
   try {
     await interfaces.DeleteInterface(selectedInterface.value.Identifier)

frontend/src/components/Modal.vue

@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@
   display:block;
 }
 .modal.show {
-  opacity: 1;
+  opacity: 1.0;
 }
 .modal-backdrop {
   background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6) !important;
 }
 .modal-backdrop.show {
-  opacity: 1 !important;
+  opacity: 1.0 !important;
 }
 </style>
 

frontend/src/components/PeerEditModal.vue

@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ async function save() {
 
 async function del() {
   if (isDeleting.value) return
+  if (!confirm(t('modals.peer-edit.confirm-delete', {id: selectedPeer.value.Identifier}))) return
   isDeleting.value = true
   try {
     await peers.DeletePeer(selectedPeer.value.Identifier)

frontend/src/components/UserEditModal.vue

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ async function save() {
 
 async function del() {
   if (isDeleting.value) return
+  if (!confirm(t('modals.user-edit.confirm-delete', {id: selectedUser.value.Identifier}))) return
   isDeleting.value = true
   try {
     await users.DeleteUser(selectedUser.value.Identifier)

frontend/src/lang/translations/de.json

@@ -382,7 +382,8 @@
       "persist-local-changes": {
         "label": "Lokale Änderungen speichern"
       },
-      "sync-warning": "Um diesen synchronisierten Benutzer zu bearbeiten, aktivieren Sie die lokale Änderungsspeicherung. Andernfalls werden Ihre Änderungen bei der nächsten Synchronisierung überschrieben."
+      "sync-warning": "Um diesen synchronisierten Benutzer zu bearbeiten, aktivieren Sie die lokale Änderungsspeicherung. Andernfalls werden Ihre Änderungen bei der nächsten Synchronisierung überschrieben.",
+      "confirm-delete": "Benutzer '{id}' wirklich löschen?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Konfiguration für Schnittstelle:"
@@ -503,7 +504,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Persistentes Keepalive (0 = Standard)"
         }
       },
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Peer-Standardeinstellungen anwenden"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Peer-Standardeinstellungen anwenden",
+      "confirm-delete": "Interface '{id}' wirklich löschen?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Peer:",
@@ -625,7 +627,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Ablaufdatum"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Peer '{id}' wirklich löschen?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Mehrere Peers erstellen",

frontend/src/lang/translations/en.json

@@ -271,16 +271,16 @@
     "headline-preshared-key": "New Preshared Key",
     "button-generate": "Generate",
     "private-key": {
-        "label": "Private Key",
-        "placeholder": "The private key"
+      "label": "Private Key",
+      "placeholder": "The private key"
     },
     "public-key": {
-        "label": "Public Key",
-        "placeholder": "The public key"
+      "label": "Public Key",
+      "placeholder": "The public key"
     },
     "preshared-key": {
-        "label": "Preshared Key",
-        "placeholder": "The pre-shared key"
+      "label": "Preshared Key",
+      "placeholder": "The pre-shared key"
     }
   },
   "calculator": {
@@ -289,18 +289,18 @@
     "headline-allowed-ip": "New Allowed IPs",
     "button-exclude-private": "Exclude Private IP Ranges",
     "allowed-ip": {
-        "label": "Allowed IPs",
-        "placeholder": "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0",
-        "empty": "Value cannot be empty"
+      "label": "Allowed IPs",
+      "placeholder": "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0",
+      "empty": "Value cannot be empty"
     },
     "dissallowed-ip": {
-        "label": "Disallowed IPs",
-        "placeholder": "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16",
-        "invalid": "Invalid address: {addr}"
+      "label": "Disallowed IPs",
+      "placeholder": "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16",
+      "invalid": "Invalid address: {addr}"
     },
     "new-allowed-ip": {
-        "label": "Allowed IPs",
-        "placeholder": ""
+      "label": "Allowed IPs",
+      "placeholder": ""
     }
   },
   "modals": {
@@ -382,7 +382,8 @@
       "persist-local-changes": {
         "label": "Persist local changes"
       },
-      "sync-warning": "To modify this synchronized user, enable local change persistence. Otherwise, your changes will be overwritten during the next synchronization."
+      "sync-warning": "To modify this synchronized user, enable local change persistence. Otherwise, your changes will be overwritten during the next synchronization.",
+      "confirm-delete": "Are you sure you want to delete user '{id}'?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Config for Interface:"
@@ -503,8 +504,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Persistent Keepalive (0 = default)"
         }
       },
-
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Apply Peer Defaults"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Apply Peer Defaults",
+      "confirm-delete": "Are you sure you want to delete interface '{id}'?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Peer:",
@@ -626,7 +627,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Expiry date"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Are you sure you want to delete peer '{id}'?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Create multiple peers",

frontend/src/lang/translations/fr.json

@@ -126,9 +126,7 @@
     "peer-expiring": "Le pair expire le",
     "peer-connected": "Connecté",
     "peer-not-connected": "Non connecté",
-    "peer-handshake": "Dernière négociation :",
-    "button-show-peer": "Afficher le pair",
-    "button-edit-peer": "Modifier le pair"
+    "peer-handshake": "Dernière négociation :"
   },
   "users": {
     "headline": "Administration des utilisateurs",
@@ -264,7 +262,8 @@
       },
       "admin": {
         "label": "Est Admin"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer l'utilisateur \"{id}\" ?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Configuration pour l'interface :"
@@ -377,7 +376,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Persistent Keepalive (0 = par défaut)"
         }
       },
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Appliquer les valeurs par défaut des pairs"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Appliquer les valeurs par défaut des pairs",
+      "confirm-delete": "Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer l'interface \"{id}\" ?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Pair :",
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Date d'expiration"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer le pair \"{id}\" ?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Créer plusieurs pairs",

frontend/src/lang/translations/ko.json

@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@
           "label": "관리자 여부"
         }
       },
+      "confirm-delete": "사용자 '{id}'를 삭제하시겠습니까?",
       "interface-view": {
         "headline": "인터페이스 구성:"
       },
@@ -393,7 +394,8 @@
             "placeholder": "영구 Keepalive (0 = 기본값)"
           }
         },
-        "button-apply-defaults": "피어 기본값 적용"
+        "button-apply-defaults": "피어 기본값 적용",
+        "confirm-delete": "인터페이스 '{id}'를 삭제하시겠습니까?"
       },
       "peer-view": {
         "headline-peer": "피어:",
@@ -509,7 +511,8 @@
         },
         "expires-at": {
           "label": "만료 날짜"
-        }
+        },
+        "confirm-delete": "피어 '{id}'를 삭제하시겠습니까?"
       },
       "peer-multi-create": {
         "headline-peer": "여러 피어 생성",

frontend/src/lang/translations/pt.json

@@ -300,7 +300,8 @@
       },
       "admin": {
         "label": "É Administrador"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Tem certeza que deseja excluir o utilizador '{id}'?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Configuração para a Interface:"
@@ -413,7 +414,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Keepalive persistente (0 = padrão)"
         }
       },
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Aplicar Padrões de Peer"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Aplicar Padrões de Peer",
+      "confirm-delete": "Tem certeza que deseja excluir a interface '{id}'?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Peer:",
@@ -530,7 +532,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Data de expiração"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Tem certeza que deseja excluir o par '{id}'?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Criar múltiplos peers",

frontend/src/lang/translations/ru.json

@@ -259,16 +259,16 @@
     "headline-preshared-key": "Новый общий ключ",
     "button-generate": "Генерировать",
     "private-key": {
-        "label": "Приватный ключ",
-        "placeholder": "Приватный ключ"
+      "label": "Приватный ключ",
+      "placeholder": "Приватный ключ"
     },
     "public-key": {
-        "label": "Публичный ключ",
-        "placeholder": "Публичный ключ"
+      "label": "Публичный ключ",
+      "placeholder": "Публичный ключ"
     },
     "preshared-key": {
-        "label": "Общий ключ",
-        "placeholder": "Общий ключ"
+      "label": "Общий ключ",
+      "placeholder": "Общий ключ"
     }
   },
   "calculator": {
@@ -277,18 +277,18 @@
     "headline-allowed-ip": "Новые разрешенные IP-адреса",
     "button-exclude-private": "Исключить частные диапазоны IP-адресов",
     "allowed-ip": {
-        "label": "Разрешенные IP-адреса",
-        "placeholder": "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0",
-        "empty": "Поле ввода не должно быть пустым"
+      "label": "Разрешенные IP-адреса",
+      "placeholder": "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0",
+      "empty": "Поле ввода не должно быть пустым"
     },
     "dissallowed-ip": {
-        "label": "Запрещенные IP-адреса",
-        "placeholder": "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16",
-        "invalid": "Некорректный адрес: {addr}"
+      "label": "Запрещенные IP-адреса",
+      "placeholder": "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16",
+      "invalid": "Некорректный адрес: {addr}"
     },
     "new-allowed-ip": {
-        "label": "Разрешенные IP-адреса",
-        "placeholder": ""
+      "label": "Разрешенные IP-адреса",
+      "placeholder": ""
     }
   },
   "modals": {
@@ -366,7 +366,8 @@
       },
       "admin": {
         "label": "Является администратором"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Вы уверены, что хотите удалить пользователя «{id}»?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Конфигурация интерфейса:"
@@ -484,7 +485,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Постоянное поддержание активности (0 = значение по умолчанию)"
         }
       },
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Применить настройки пира по умолчанию"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Применить настройки пира по умолчанию",
+      "confirm-delete": "Вы уверены, что хотите удалить интерфейс «{id}»?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Пир:",
@@ -605,7 +607,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Дата истечения срока действия"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Вы уверены, что хотите удалить пир «{id}»?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Создать несколько узлов",

frontend/src/lang/translations/uk.json

@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@
     "admin": "Користувач має адміністративні привілеї",
     "no-admin": "Користувач не має адміністративних привілеїв"
   },
-
   "profile": {
     "headline": "Мої VPN-піри",
     "table-heading": {
@@ -189,7 +188,6 @@
       "api-link": "Документація API"
     }
   },
-
   "modals": {
     "user-view": {
       "headline": "Обліковий запис користувача:",
@@ -264,7 +262,8 @@
       },
       "admin": {
         "label": "Адміністратор"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Ви впевнені, що хочете видалити користувача «{id}»?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Конфігурація для інтерфейсу:"
@@ -377,7 +376,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Постійний Keepalive (0 = за замовчуванням)"
         }
       },
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Застосувати значення за замовчуванням для пірів"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Застосувати значення за замовчуванням для пірів",
+      "confirm-delete": "Ви впевнені, що хочете видалити інтерфейс «{id}»?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Пір:",
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Дата закінчення терміну дії"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Ви впевнені, що хочете видалити пір «{id}»?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Створити декілька пір",

frontend/src/lang/translations/vi.json

@@ -240,7 +240,8 @@
       },
       "admin": {
         "label": "Là Quản trị viên"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Ban co chac muon xoa nguoi dung '{id}' khong?"
     },
     "interface-view": {
       "headline": "Cấu hình cho Giao diện:"
@@ -353,8 +354,8 @@
           "placeholder": "Giữ kết nối liên tục (0 = mặc định)"
         }
       },
-
-      "button-apply-defaults": "Áp dụng Cài đặt Mặc định của Peer"
+      "button-apply-defaults": "Áp dụng Cài đặt Mặc định của Peer",
+      "confirm-delete": "Ban co chac muon xoa giao dien '{id}' khong?"
     },
     "peer-view": {
       "headline-peer": "Peer:",
@@ -470,7 +471,8 @@
       },
       "expires-at": {
         "label": "Ngày hết hạn"
-      }
+      },
+      "confirm-delete": "Ban co chac muon xoa peer '{id}' khong?"
     },
     "peer-multi-create": {
       "headline-peer": "Tạo nhiều peer",

frontend/src/lang/translations/zh.json

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@
           "label": "管理员"
         }
       },
+      "confirm-delete": "确定要删除用户“{id}”吗？",
       "interface-view": {
         "headline": "接口配置: "
       },
@@ -353,7 +354,8 @@
             "placeholder": "持久保持连接 (0 = 默认)"
           }
         },
-        "button-apply-defaults": "应用节点默认值"
+        "button-apply-defaults": "应用节点默认值",
+        "confirm-delete": "确定要删除接口“{id}”吗？"
       },
       "peer-view": {
         "headline-peer": "节点: ",
@@ -469,7 +471,8 @@
         },
         "expires-at": {
           "label": "过期日期"
-        }
+        },
+        "confirm-delete": "确定要删除对等点“{id}”吗？"
       },
       "peer-multi-create": {
         "headline-peer": "创建多个节点",

frontend/src/router/index.js

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import {createRouter, createWebHashHistory} from 'vue-router'
 import HomeView from '../views/HomeView.vue'
 import LoginView from '../views/LoginView.vue'
-import InterfaceView from '../views/InterfaceView.vue'
 
 import {authStore} from '@/stores/auth'
 import {securityStore} from '@/stores/security'
@@ -20,11 +19,6 @@ const router = createRouter({
       name: 'login',
       component: LoginView
     },
-    {
-      path: '/interface',
-      name: 'interface',
-      component: InterfaceView
-    },
     {
       path: '/interfaces',
       name: 'interfaces',

frontend/src/stores/profile.js

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ export const profileStore = defineStore('profile', {
     },
     hasStatistics: (state) => state.statsEnabled,
     CountInterfaces: (state) => state.interfaces.length,
+    HasInterface: (state) => (id) => state.interfaces.some((i) => i.Identifier === id),
   },
   actions: {
     afterPageSizeChange() {

frontend/src/views/ProfileView.vue

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ onMounted(async () => {
     <div class="col-12 col-lg-5">
       <h2 class="mt-2">{{ $t('profile.headline') }}</h2>
     </div>
+    <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 text-lg-end" v-if="!settings.Setting('SelfProvisioning') || profile.CountInterfaces===0">
+    </div>
     <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end">
       <div class="form-group d-inline">
         <div class="input-group mb-3">
@@ -90,8 +92,8 @@ onMounted(async () => {
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
-    <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 text-lg-end">
-      <div class="form-group" v-if="settings.Setting('SelfProvisioning')">
+    <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 text-lg-end" v-if="settings.Setting('SelfProvisioning') && profile.CountInterfaces>0">
+      <div class="form-group">
         <div class="input-group mb-3">
           <button class="btn btn-primary" :title="$t('interfaces.button-add-peer')" @click.prevent="editPeerId = '#NEW#'">
             <i class="fa fa-plus me-1"></i><i class="fa fa-user"></i>
@@ -160,8 +162,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
           </td>
           <td v-if="profile.hasStatistics">
             <div v-if="profile.Statistics(peer.Identifier).IsConnected">
-              <span class="badge rounded-pill bg-success"><i class="fa-solid fa-link"></i></span>
-              <span :title="profile.Statistics(peer.Identifier).LastHandshake">{{ $t('profile.peer-connected') }}</span>
+              <span class="badge rounded-pill bg-success" :title="$t('profile.peer-connected')"><i class="fa-solid fa-link"></i></span> <small class="text-muted" :title="$t('interfaces.peer-handshake') + ' ' + profile.Statistics(peer.Identifier).LastHandshake"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info"></i></small>
             </div>
             <div v-else>
               <span class="badge rounded-pill bg-light"><i class="fa-solid fa-link-slash"></i></span>
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
           <td class="text-center">
             <a href="#" :title="$t('profile.button-show-peer')" @click.prevent="viewedPeerId = peer.Identifier"><i
                 class="fas fa-eye me-2"></i></a>
-            <a href="#" :title="$t('profile.button-edit-peer')" @click.prevent="editPeerId = peer.Identifier"><i
+            <a href="#" :title="$t('profile.button-edit-peer')" @click.prevent="editPeerId = peer.Identifier" v-if="settings.Setting('SelfProvisioning') && profile.HasInterface(peer.InterfaceIdentifier)"><i
                 class="fas fa-cog"></i></a>
           </td>
         </tr>

go.mod

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/alexedwards/scs/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13
 	github.com/go-pkgz/routegroup v1.6.0
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.1
-	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.15.0
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.2
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.16.3
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3
 	github.com/prometheus-community/pro-bing v0.8.0
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/xhit/go-simple-mail/v2 v2.16.0
 	github.com/yeqown/go-qrcode/v2 v2.2.5
 	github.com/yeqown/go-qrcode/writer/compressed v1.0.1
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.48.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.35.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.6.0
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 // indirect
 	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-test/deep v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20220223132316-b832511892a9 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-sql/sqlexp v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -81,12 +81,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.9.6 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/toorop/go-dkim v0.0.0-20250226130143-9025cce95817 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
@@ -95,9 +97,9 @@ require (
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260218203240-3dfff04db8fa // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.50.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.51.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 h1:crnVqOiS4jqYleHd9vaKZ+HKtHfllngJIiOpNpoJsjo=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xzAOLCNug/yB62zG1bQ8uziwrIqIuxhctzJT18Q77mc=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.7.0/go.mod h1:bjGvMhVMb+EEm3VRNQawDMUyMMjo+S5ewNjflkep/0Q=
@@ -50,10 +48,8 @@ github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.1.0/go.mod h1:M7tiix8f0r6mKKJ3Yq/kqU1OYf3MnfmBWVbPx/
 github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4UdLID7HZT3taECzJs4YgbbH6PIGXB6W/sc5OLb6RQ=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
-github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 h1:NpKPmjDBgUfBms6tr6JZkTHtfFGcMKsw3eGcmD/sapM=
-github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0/go.mod h1:vM4b+DJCtHn+zz7h3FFp/hDAI9WNWCsZj23V5ytsSxQ=
-github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.12 h1:e9hWvmLYvtp846tLHam2o++qitpguFiYCKbn0w9jyqw=
-github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.12/go.mod h1:d+9Oxyo1wTzWdyVUPMmXFvp4F9tea18J8ufA774AB3s=
+github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 h1:2rWm8B193Ll4VdjsJY28jxs70IdDsHRWgQYAI80+rMQ=
+github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1/go.mod h1:vM4b+DJCtHn+zz7h3FFp/hDAI9WNWCsZj23V5ytsSxQ=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 h1:46nXokslUBsAJE/wMsp5gtO500a4F3Nkz9Ufpk2AcUM=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13/go.mod h1:d+9Oxyo1wTzWdyVUPMmXFvp4F9tea18J8ufA774AB3s=
 github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 h1:uAcMJhaA6r3LHMTFgP0SifzgXg46yJkgxqyuyec+ruQ=
@@ -64,14 +60,12 @@ github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 h1:BP4M0CvQ
 github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667/go.mod h1:hEBeB/ic+5LoWskz+yKT7vGhhPYkProFKoKdwZRWMe0=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3 h1:CVLmWDhDVRa6Mi/IgCgaopNosCaHz7zrMeF9MlZRkrs=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3/go.mod h1:x4oUasVrzR7071A4TnHLGSPpNOm2a21K9Kf04k1rs08=
-github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12 h1:1b81mv7MagXZ7+1r7cLTWmyuTqVqdwbtJSjC0DAp9s4=
-github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12/go.mod h1:+SPAGcTtOfmGsCb3h1RFiq4xpp4N636G75OEace8lNo=
+github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13 h1:+x1nG9h+MZN7h/lUi5Q3UZ0fJ1GyDQYbPvbuH38baDQ=
+github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13/go.mod h1:LxsGZV6vbaK0sIvYfsv47rfh4ca0JXokCoKjZxsszv0=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.22.4 h1:dZtK82WlNpVLDW2jlA1YCiVJFVqkED1MegOUy9kR5T4=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.22.4/go.mod h1:elX9+UgznpFhgBuaMQ7iu4lvvX1nvNsesQ3oxmYTw80=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.21.4 h1:24qaE2y9bx/q3uRK/qN+TDwbok1NhbSmGjjySRCHtC8=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.21.4/go.mod h1:rIENPTjDbLpzQmQWCj5kKj3ZlmEh+EFVbz3RTUh30/4=
-github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.22.2 h1:KEU4Fb+Lp1qg0V4MxrSCPv403ZjBl8Lx1a83gIPU8Qc=
-github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.22.2/go.mod h1:iIImLODL2loCh3Vnox8TY2YWYJZjMAKYyLH2Mu8lOZs=
 github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.22.3 h1:qRSmj6Smz2rEBxMnLRBMeBWxbbOvuOoElvSvObIgwQc=
 github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.22.3/go.mod h1:iIImLODL2loCh3Vnox8TY2YWYJZjMAKYyLH2Mu8lOZs=
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@@ -103,27 +97,21 @@ github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 h1:EWaQ/wswjilfKLTECiXz7Rh+3BjFhfDFKv/o
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@@ -133,10 +121,10 @@ github.com/golang-sql/sqlexp v0.1.0/go.mod h1:J4ad9Vo8ZCWQ2GMrC4UCQy1JpCbwU9m3EO
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@@ -155,8 +143,6 @@ github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsI
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
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-github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.6 h1:rWQc5FwZSPX58r1OQmkuaNicxdmExaEz5A2DO2hUuTk=
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@@ -199,8 +185,6 @@ github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.8.0/go.mod h1:UhgKXUlDQhzb09DrCl2GuRNEglHmhYoWAHi
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@@ -211,22 +195,20 @@ github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq
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@@ -254,6 +236,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu
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@@ -294,12 +278,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0/go.mod h1:0BP7YvVV9gBbVKyeTG0Gyn+gZm94bibOW5BjDEYAOM
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-golang.org/x/crypto v0.47.0 h1:V6e3FRj+n4dbpw86FJ8Fv7XVOql7TEwpHapKoMJ/GO8=
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-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251209150349-8475f28825e9 h1:MDfG8Cvcqlt9XXrmEiD4epKn7VJHZO84hejP9Jmp0MM=
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@@ -308,8 +288,6 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.9.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
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@@ -329,14 +307,10 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.22.0/go.mod h1:JKghWKKOSdJwpW2GEx0Ja7fmaKnMsbu+MWVZTokSYmg=
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-golang.org/x/net v0.48.0/go.mod h1:+ndRgGjkh8FGtu1w1FGbEC31if4VrNVMuKTgcAAnQRY=
-golang.org/x/net v0.50.0 h1:ucWh9eiCGyDR3vtzso0WMQinm2Dnt8cFMuQa9K33J60=
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-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0 h1:hqK/t4AKgbqWkdkcAeI8XLmbK+4m4G5YeQRrmiotGlw=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.35.0 h1:Mv2mzuHuZuY2+bkyWXIHMfhNdJAdwW3FuWeCPYN5GVQ=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.35.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
+golang.org/x/net v0.51.0 h1:94R/GTO7mt3/4wIKpcR5gkGmRLOuE/2hNGeWq/GBIFo=
+golang.org/x/net v0.51.0/go.mod h1:aamm+2QF5ogm02fjy5Bb7CQ0WMt1/WVM7FtyaTLlA9Y=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -344,8 +318,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.9.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@@ -366,10 +340,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 h1:DBZZqJ2Rkml6QMQsZywtnjnnGvHza6BTfYFWY9kjEWQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0 h1:Ivj+2Cp/ylzLiEU89QhWblYnOE9zerudt9Ftecq2C6k=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 h1:omrd2nAlyT5ESRdCLYdm3+fMfNFE/+Rf4bDIQImRJeo=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -398,18 +370,14 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
 golang.org/x/text v0.20.0/go.mod h1:D4IsuqiFMhST5bX19pQ9ikHC2GsaKyk/oF+pn3ducp4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.33.0 h1:B3njUFyqtHDUI5jMn1YIr5B0IE2U0qck04r6d4KPAxE=
-golang.org/x/text v0.33.0/go.mod h1:LuMebE6+rBincTi9+xWTY8TztLzKHc/9C1uBCG27+q8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.34.0 h1:oL/Qq0Kdaqxa1KbNeMKwQq0reLCCaFtqu2eNuSeNHbk=
-golang.org/x/text v0.34.0/go.mod h1:homfLqTYRFyVYemLBFl5GgL/DWEiH5wcsQ5gSh1yziA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 h1:JOVx6vVDFokkpaq1AEptVzLTpDe9KGpj5tR4/X+ybL8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.35.0/go.mod h1:khi/HExzZJ2pGnjenulevKNX1W67CUy0AsXcNubPGCA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.40.0 h1:yLkxfA+Qnul4cs9QA3KnlFu0lVmd8JJfoq+E41uSutA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.40.0/go.mod h1:Ik/tzLRlbscWpqqMRjyWYDisX8bG13FrdXp3o4Sr9lc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 h1:uNgphsn75Tdz5Ji2q36v/nsFSfR/9BRFvqhGBaJGd5k=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Ma6lCIwGZvHK6XtgbswSoWroEkhugApmsXyrUmBhfr0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -417,8 +385,6 @@ golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb h1:whnFRlWMcXI9d+Z
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb/go.mod h1:rpwXGsirqLqN2L0JDJQlwOboGHmptD5ZD6T2VmcqhTw=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10 h1:3GDAcqdIg1ozBNLgPy4SLT84nfcBjr6rhGtXYtrkWLU=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10/go.mod h1:T97yPqesLiNrOYxkwmhMI0ZIlJDm+p0PMR8eRVeR5tQ=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -442,20 +408,16 @@ gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1 h1:7CA8FTFz/gRfgqgpeKIBcervUn3xSyPUmr6B2WXJ7kg=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1 h1:9W30zRlYrefrDV2JE2O8VDtJ1yPGownxciz5rrbQZis=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
-modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.1 h1:4r4U1J6Fhj98NKfSjnPUN7Ze2c6MnAdL0hWw6+LrJpc=
-modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.1/go.mod h1:bIOeI1JL54Utlxn+LwrFyjCx2n2RDiYEaJVSrgdrRfM=
 modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.2 h1:4yPaaq9dXYXZ2V8s1UgrC3KIj580l2N4ClrLwnbv2so=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.2/go.mod h1:yZMnhWEdW0qw3EtCndG1+ldRrVGS+bIwyWmAWzS0XEw=
 modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.40 h1:ZGMswMNc9JOCrcrakF1HrvmergNLAmxOPjizirpfqBA=
 modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.40/go.mod h1:HxmghZSZVAz/LXcMNwZPA/DRrQZEVP9VX0V4LQGQFOc=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5 h1:nyqdV8q46KvTpZlsw66kWqwXRHdjIlJOhG6kxiV/9xI=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5/go.mod h1:YgIahr1ypgfe7chRuJi2gD7DBQiKSLMPgBQe9oIiito=
-modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.1 h1:k8T3gkXWY9sEiytKhcgyiZ2L0DTyCQ/nvX+LoCljoRE=
-modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:HFK/6AGESC7Ex+EZJhJ2Gni6cTaYpSMmU/cT9RmlfYY=
 modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.2 h1:ZtDCnhonXSZexk/AYsegNRV1lJGgaNZJuKjJSWKyEqo=
+modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.2/go.mod h1:HFK/6AGESC7Ex+EZJhJ2Gni6cTaYpSMmU/cT9RmlfYY=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0 h1:HvEowk7LxcPd0eq6mVOAEMai46V+i7Jrj13t4AzuNks=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0/go.mod h1:CEFRnnJhKvWT1c1JTI3Avm+tgOWbkOu5oPA8eH8LnMI=
-modernc.org/libc v1.67.1 h1:bFaqOaa5/zbWYJo8aW0tXPX21hXsngG2M7mckCnFSVk=
-modernc.org/libc v1.67.1/go.mod h1:QvvnnJ5P7aitu0ReNpVIEyesuhmDLQ8kaEoyMjIFZJA=
 modernc.org/libc v1.68.0 h1:PJ5ikFOV5pwpW+VqCK1hKJuEWsonkIJhhIXyuF/91pQ=
 modernc.org/libc v1.68.0/go.mod h1:NnKCYeoYgsEqnY3PgvNgAeaJnso968ygU8Z0DxjoEc0=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
@@ -466,8 +428,6 @@ modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
 modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.40.1 h1:VfuXcxcUWWKRBuP8+BR9L7VnmusMgBNNnBYGEe9w/iY=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.40.1/go.mod h1:9fjQZ0mB1LLP0GYrp39oOJXx/I2sxEnZtzCmEQIKvGE=
 modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1 h1:eFJ2ShBLIEnUWlLy12raN0Z1plqmFX9Qe3rjQTKt6sU=
 modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1/go.mod h1:CzbrU2lSB1DKUusvwGz7rqEKIq+NUd8GWuBBZDs9/nA=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=

internal/adapters/database.go

@@ -232,21 +232,19 @@ func (r *SqlRepo) migrate() error {
 	slog.Debug("running migration: interface status", "result", r.db.AutoMigrate(&domain.InterfaceStatus{}))
 	slog.Debug("running migration: audit data", "result", r.db.AutoMigrate(&domain.AuditEntry{}))
 
-	existingSysStat := SysStat{}
+	var existingSysStat SysStat
+	var err error
+
 	r.db.Order("schema_version desc").First(&existingSysStat) // get latest version
 
 	// Migration: 0 --> 1
 	if existingSysStat.SchemaVersion == 0 {
 		const schemaVersion = 1
-		sysStat := SysStat{
-			MigratedAt:    time.Now(),
-			SchemaVersion: schemaVersion,
-		}
-		if err := r.db.Create(&sysStat).Error; err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write sysstat entry for schema version %d: %w", schemaVersion, err)
+		existingSysStat, err = r.addMigration(schemaVersion) // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 		slog.Debug("sys-stat entry written", "schema_version", schemaVersion)
-		existingSysStat = sysStat // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
 	}
 
 	// Migration: 1 --> 2
@@ -262,14 +260,10 @@ func (r *SqlRepo) migrate() error {
 			}
 			slog.Debug("migrated interface create_default_peer flags", "schema_version", schemaVersion)
 		}
-		sysStat := SysStat{
-			MigratedAt:    time.Now(),
-			SchemaVersion: schemaVersion,
+		existingSysStat, err = r.addMigration(schemaVersion) // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		if err := r.db.Create(&sysStat).Error; err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write sysstat entry for schema version %d: %w", schemaVersion, err)
-		}
-		existingSysStat = sysStat // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
 	}
 
 	// Migration: 2 --> 3
@@ -307,19 +301,45 @@ func (r *SqlRepo) migrate() error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to migrate to multi-auth: %w", err)
 		}
-		sysStat := SysStat{
-			MigratedAt:    time.Now(),
-			SchemaVersion: schemaVersion,
+		existingSysStat, err = r.addMigration(schemaVersion) // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		if err := r.db.Create(&sysStat).Error; err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write sysstat entry for schema version %d: %w", schemaVersion, err)
+	}
+
+	// Migration: 3 --> 4
+	if existingSysStat.SchemaVersion == 3 {
+		const schemaVersion = 4
+		cutoff := time.Date(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+		// Fix zero created_at timestamps for users. Set the to the last known update timestamp.
+		err := r.db.Model(&domain.User{}).Where("created_at < ?", cutoff).
+			Update("created_at", gorm.Expr("updated_at")).Error
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("failed to fix zero created_at for users", "error", err)
+		}
+		slog.Debug("fixed zero created_at timestamps for users", "schema_version", schemaVersion)
+
+		existingSysStat, err = r.addMigration(schemaVersion) // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		existingSysStat = sysStat // ensure that follow-up checks test against the latest version
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (r *SqlRepo) addMigration(schemaVersion uint64) (SysStat, error) {
+	sysStat := SysStat{
+		MigratedAt:    time.Now(),
+		SchemaVersion: schemaVersion,
+	}
+	if err := r.db.Create(&sysStat).Error; err != nil {
+		return SysStat{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to write sysstat entry for schema version %d: %w", schemaVersion, err)
+	}
+	return sysStat, nil
+}
+
 // region interfaces
 
 // GetInterface returns the interface with the given id.
@@ -482,7 +502,7 @@ func (r *SqlRepo) getOrCreateInterface(
 		Identifier: id,
 	}
 
-	err := tx.Attrs(interfaceDefaults).FirstOrCreate(&in, id).Error
+	err := tx.Preload("Addresses").Attrs(interfaceDefaults).FirstOrCreate(&in, id).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -691,7 +711,7 @@ func (r *SqlRepo) getOrCreatePeer(ui *domain.ContextUserInfo, tx *gorm.DB, id do
 		Identifier: id,
 	}
 
-	err := tx.Attrs(interfaceDefaults).FirstOrCreate(&peer, id).Error
+	err := tx.Preload("Addresses").Attrs(interfaceDefaults).FirstOrCreate(&peer, id).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

internal/adapters/database_created_at_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package adapters
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/config"
+	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/domain"
+)
+
+func newTestDB(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open("file::memory:"), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return db
+}
+
+func TestUpsertUser_SetsCreatedAtWhenZero(t *testing.T) {
+	db := newTestDB(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&domain.User{}, &domain.UserAuthentication{}, &domain.UserWebauthnCredential{}))
+
+	repo := &SqlRepo{db: db, cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	ui := domain.SystemAdminContextUserInfo()
+
+	user := &domain.User{
+		Identifier: "test-user",
+		Email:      "test@example.com",
+		// CreatedAt is zero
+	}
+
+	err := repo.upsertUser(ui, db, user)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.False(t, user.CreatedAt.IsZero(), "CreatedAt should be set when it was zero")
+	assert.Equal(t, ui.UserId(), user.UpdatedBy, "UpdatedBy should be set when it was empty")
+	assert.WithinDuration(t, user.UpdatedAt, user.CreatedAt, time.Second,
+		"CreatedAt should be close to UpdatedAt for new user")
+}
+
+func TestUpsertUser_PreservesExistingCreatedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	db := newTestDB(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&domain.User{}, &domain.UserAuthentication{}, &domain.UserWebauthnCredential{}))
+
+	repo := &SqlRepo{db: db, cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	ui := domain.SystemAdminContextUserInfo()
+
+	originalTime := time.Date(2025, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	user := &domain.User{
+		Identifier: "test-user",
+		Email:      "test@example.com",
+		BaseModel: domain.BaseModel{
+			CreatedAt: originalTime,
+			CreatedBy: "original-creator",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := repo.upsertUser(ui, db, user)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, originalTime, user.CreatedAt, "CreatedAt should not be overwritten")
+	assert.Equal(t, "original-creator", user.CreatedBy, "CreatedBy should not be overwritten")
+}
+
+func TestSaveUser_NewUserGetsCreatedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	db := newTestDB(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&domain.User{}, &domain.UserAuthentication{}, &domain.UserWebauthnCredential{}))
+
+	repo := &SqlRepo{db: db, cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	ctx := domain.SetUserInfo(context.Background(), domain.SystemAdminContextUserInfo())
+
+	before := time.Now().Add(-time.Second)
+
+	err := repo.SaveUser(ctx, "new-user", func(u *domain.User) (*domain.User, error) {
+		u.Email = "new@example.com"
+		return u, nil
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var saved domain.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&saved, "identifier = ?", "new-user").Error)
+
+	assert.False(t, saved.CreatedAt.IsZero(), "CreatedAt should not be zero")
+	assert.True(t, saved.CreatedAt.After(before), "CreatedAt should be recent")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, saved.CreatedBy, "CreatedBy should be set")
+}
+
+func TestMigration_FixesZeroCreatedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	db := newTestDB(t)
+
+	// Manually create tables and seed schema version 3
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(
+		&SysStat{},
+		&domain.User{},
+		&domain.UserAuthentication{},
+		&domain.Interface{},
+		&domain.Cidr{},
+		&domain.Peer{},
+		&domain.AuditEntry{},
+		&domain.UserWebauthnCredential{},
+	))
+
+	// Insert schema versions 1, 2, 3 so migration starts at 3
+	for v := uint64(1); v <= 3; v++ {
+		require.NoError(t, db.Create(&SysStat{SchemaVersion: v, MigratedAt: time.Now()}).Error)
+	}
+
+	updatedAt := time.Date(2025, 6, 15, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// Insert a user with zero created_at but valid updated_at
+	require.NoError(t, db.Exec(
+		"INSERT INTO users (identifier, email, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+		"zero-user", "zero@example.com", time.Time{}, updatedAt,
+	).Error)
+
+	// Run migration
+	repo := &SqlRepo{db: db, cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	require.NoError(t, repo.migrate())
+
+	// Verify created_at was backfilled from updated_at
+	var user domain.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&user, "identifier = ?", "zero-user").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, updatedAt, user.CreatedAt, "created_at should be backfilled from updated_at")
+
+	// Verify schema version advanced to 4
+	var latest SysStat
+	require.NoError(t, db.Order("schema_version DESC").First(&latest).Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(4), latest.SchemaVersion)
+}
+
+func TestMigration_DoesNotTouchValidCreatedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	db := newTestDB(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(
+		&SysStat{},
+		&domain.User{},
+		&domain.UserAuthentication{},
+		&domain.Interface{},
+		&domain.Cidr{},
+		&domain.Peer{},
+		&domain.AuditEntry{},
+		&domain.UserWebauthnCredential{},
+	))
+
+	for v := uint64(1); v <= 3; v++ {
+		require.NoError(t, db.Create(&SysStat{SchemaVersion: v, MigratedAt: time.Now()}).Error)
+	}
+
+	createdAt := time.Date(2024, 3, 1, 8, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	updatedAt := time.Date(2025, 6, 15, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Exec(
+		"INSERT INTO users (identifier, email, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+		"valid-user", "valid@example.com", createdAt, updatedAt,
+	).Error)
+
+	repo := &SqlRepo{db: db, cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	require.NoError(t, repo.migrate())
+
+	var user domain.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&user, "identifier = ?", "valid-user").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, createdAt, user.CreatedAt, "valid created_at should not be modified")
+}

internal/adapters/database_simple_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package adapters
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/config"
+	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/domain"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	schema.RegisterSerializer("encstr", dummySerializer{})
+}
+
+type dummySerializer struct{}
+
+func (dummySerializer) Scan(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, dbValue any) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (dummySerializer) Value(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, fieldValue any) (any, error) {
+	if fieldValue == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if v, ok := fieldValue.(string); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+	if v, ok := fieldValue.(domain.PreSharedKey); ok {
+		return string(v), nil
+	}
+	return fieldValue, nil
+}
+
+func TestSqlRepo_SaveInterface_Simple(t *testing.T) {
+	// Initialize in-memory database
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open("file::memory:?cache=shared"), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Migrate only what's needed for this test (avoids Peer and its encstr serializer)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&domain.Interface{}, &domain.Cidr{}))
+
+	repo := &SqlRepo{db: db, cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	ctx := domain.SetUserInfo(context.Background(), domain.SystemAdminContextUserInfo())
+	ifaceId := domain.InterfaceIdentifier("wg0")
+
+	// 1. Create an interface with one address
+	addr, _ := domain.CidrFromString("10.0.0.1/24")
+	initialIface := &domain.Interface{
+		Identifier: ifaceId,
+		Addresses:  []domain.Cidr{addr},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(initialIface).Error)
+
+	// 2. Perform a "partial" update using SaveInterface (this is the buggy path)
+	err = repo.SaveInterface(ctx, ifaceId, func(in *domain.Interface) (*domain.Interface, error) {
+		in.DisplayName = "New Name"
+		return in, nil
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// 3. Verify that the address was NOT deleted
+	var finalIface domain.Interface
+	require.NoError(t, db.Preload("Addresses").First(&finalIface, "identifier = ?", ifaceId).Error)
+	
+	require.Equal(t, "New Name", finalIface.DisplayName)
+	require.Len(t, finalIface.Addresses, 1, "Address list should still have 1 entry!")
+	require.Equal(t, "10.0.0.1/24", finalIface.Addresses[0].Cidr)
+}

internal/adapters/metrics.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type MetricsServer struct {
 // Wireguard metrics labels
 var (
 	ifaceLabels = []string{"interface"}
-	peerLabels  = []string{"interface", "addresses", "id", "name"}
+	peerLabels  = []string{"interface", "addresses", "id", "name", "user"}
 )
 
 // NewMetricsServer returns a new prometheus server
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ func (m *MetricsServer) UpdatePeerMetrics(peer *domain.Peer, status domain.PeerS
 		peer.Interface.AddressStr(),
 		string(status.PeerId),
 		peer.DisplayName,
+		string(peer.UserIdentifier),
 	}
 
 	if status.LastHandshake != nil {

internal/app/auth/auth.go

@@ -351,7 +351,6 @@ func (a *Authenticator) passwordAuthentication(
 		domain.SystemAdminContextUserInfo()) // switch to admin user context to check if user exists
 
 	var ldapUserInfo *domain.AuthenticatorUserInfo
-	var ldapProvider AuthenticatorLdap
 
 	var userInDatabase = false
 	existingUser, err := a.users.GetUser(ctx, identifier)
@@ -417,14 +416,14 @@ func (a *Authenticator) passwordAuthentication(
 					"source", ldapAuth.GetName(), "identifier", identifier, "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
-			user, err := a.processUserInfo(ctx, ldapUserInfo, domain.UserSourceLdap, ldapProvider.GetName(), true)
+			user, err := a.processUserInfo(ctx, ldapUserInfo, domain.UserSourceLdap, ldapAuth.GetName(), true)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to process user information: %w", err)
 			}
 
 			existingUser = user
 			slog.Debug("created new LDAP user in db",
-				"identifier", user.Identifier, "provider", ldapProvider.GetName())
+				"identifier", user.Identifier, "provider", ldapAuth.GetName())
 
 			authOK = true
 			break

internal/app/users/ldap_sync.go

@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@ func (m Manager) synchronizeLdapUsers(ctx context.Context, provider *config.Ldap
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Update interface allowed users based on LDAP filters
+	err = m.updateInterfaceLdapFilters(ctx, conn, provider)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -237,3 +243,59 @@ func (m Manager) disableMissingLdapUsers(
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (m Manager) updateInterfaceLdapFilters(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	conn *ldap.Conn,
+	provider *config.LdapProvider,
+) error {
+	if len(provider.InterfaceFilter) == 0 {
+		return nil // nothing to do if no interfaces are configured for this provider
+	}
+
+	for ifaceName, groupFilter := range provider.InterfaceFilter {
+		ifaceId := domain.InterfaceIdentifier(ifaceName)
+
+		// Combined filter: user must match the provider's base SyncFilter AND the interface's LdapGroupFilter
+		combinedFilter := fmt.Sprintf("(&(%s)(%s))", provider.SyncFilter, groupFilter)
+		
+		rawUsers, err := internal.LdapFindAllUsers(conn, provider.BaseDN, combinedFilter, &provider.FieldMap)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("failed to find users for interface filter", 
+				"interface", ifaceId, 
+				"provider", provider.ProviderName, 
+				"error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		matchedUserIds := make([]domain.UserIdentifier, 0, len(rawUsers))
+		for _, rawUser := range rawUsers {
+			userId := domain.UserIdentifier(internal.MapDefaultString(rawUser, provider.FieldMap.UserIdentifier, ""))
+			if userId != "" {
+				matchedUserIds = append(matchedUserIds, userId)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Save the interface
+		err = m.interfaces.SaveInterface(ctx, ifaceId, func(i *domain.Interface) (*domain.Interface, error) {
+			if i.LdapAllowedUsers == nil {
+				i.LdapAllowedUsers = make(map[string][]domain.UserIdentifier)
+			}
+			i.LdapAllowedUsers[provider.ProviderName] = matchedUserIds
+			return i, nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("failed to save interface ldap allowed users", 
+				"interface", ifaceId, 
+				"provider", provider.ProviderName, 
+				"error", err)
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("updated interface ldap allowed users", 
+				"interface", ifaceId, 
+				"provider", provider.ProviderName, 
+				"matched_count", len(matchedUserIds))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/app/users/user_manager.go

@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ type PeerDatabaseRepo interface {
 	GetUserPeers(ctx context.Context, id domain.UserIdentifier) ([]domain.Peer, error)
 }
 
+type InterfaceDatabaseRepo interface {
+	// SaveInterface saves the interface with the given identifier.
+	SaveInterface(ctx context.Context, id domain.InterfaceIdentifier, updateFunc func(i *domain.Interface) (*domain.Interface, error)) error
+}
+
 type EventBus interface {
 	// Publish sends a message to the message bus.
 	Publish(topic string, args ...any)
@@ -50,22 +55,27 @@ type EventBus interface {
 type Manager struct {
 	cfg *config.Config
 
-	bus   EventBus
-	users UserDatabaseRepo
-	peers PeerDatabaseRepo
+	bus        EventBus
+	users      UserDatabaseRepo
+	peers      PeerDatabaseRepo
+	interfaces InterfaceDatabaseRepo
 }
 
 // NewUserManager creates a new user manager instance.
-func NewUserManager(cfg *config.Config, bus EventBus, users UserDatabaseRepo, peers PeerDatabaseRepo) (
-	*Manager,
-	error,
-) {
+func NewUserManager(
+	cfg *config.Config,
+	bus EventBus,
+	users UserDatabaseRepo,
+	peers PeerDatabaseRepo,
+	interfaces InterfaceDatabaseRepo,
+) (*Manager, error) {
 	m := &Manager{
 		cfg: cfg,
 		bus: bus,
 
-		users: users,
-		peers: peers,
+		users:      users,
+		peers:      peers,
+		interfaces: interfaces,
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
@@ -523,6 +533,7 @@ func (m Manager) create(ctx context.Context, user *domain.User) (*domain.User, e
 	}
 
 	err = m.users.SaveUser(ctx, user.Identifier, func(u *domain.User) (*domain.User, error) {
+		user.CopyCalculatedAttributes(u, false)
 		return user, nil
 	})
 	if err != nil {

internal/app/wireguard/statistics.go

@@ -204,13 +204,13 @@ func (c *StatisticsCollector) collectPeerData(ctx context.Context) {
 
 							// calculate if session was restarted
 							p.UpdatedAt = now
-							p.LastSessionStart = getSessionStartTime(*p, peer.BytesUpload, peer.BytesDownload,
+							p.LastSessionStart = c.getSessionStartTime(*p, peer.BytesUpload, peer.BytesDownload,
 								lastHandshake)
 							p.BytesReceived = peer.BytesUpload      // store bytes that where uploaded from the peer and received by the server
 							p.BytesTransmitted = peer.BytesDownload // store bytes that where received from the peer and sent by the server
 							p.Endpoint = peer.Endpoint
 							p.LastHandshake = lastHandshake
-							p.CalcConnected()
+							p.CalcConnected(c.cfg.Backend.ReKeyTimeoutInterval)
 
 							if wasConnected != p.IsConnected {
 								slog.Debug("peer connection state changed",
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ func (c *StatisticsCollector) collectPeerData(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-func getSessionStartTime(
+func (c *StatisticsCollector) getSessionStartTime(
 	oldStats domain.PeerStatus,
 	newReceived, newTransmitted uint64,
 	latestHandshake *time.Time,
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func getSessionStartTime(
 		return nil // currently not connected
 	}
 
-	oldestHandshakeTime := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Minute) // if a handshake is older than 2 minutes, the peer is no longer connected
+	oldestHandshakeTime := time.Now().Add(-1 * c.cfg.Backend.ReKeyTimeoutInterval) // if a handshake is older than the rekey interval + grace-period, the peer is no longer connected
 	switch {
 	// old session was never initiated
 	case oldStats.BytesReceived == 0 && oldStats.BytesTransmitted == 0 && (newReceived > 0 || newTransmitted > 0):
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ func (c *StatisticsCollector) pingWorker(ctx context.Context) {
 					p.LastPing = nil
 				}
 				p.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
-				p.CalcConnected()
+				p.CalcConnected(c.cfg.Backend.ReKeyTimeoutInterval)
 
 				if wasConnected != p.IsConnected {
 					connectionStateChanged = true

internal/app/wireguard/statistics_test.go

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/config"
 	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/domain"
 )
 
-func Test_getSessionStartTime(t *testing.T) {
+func TestStatisticsCollector_getSessionStartTime(t *testing.T) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	nowMinus1 := now.Add(-1 * time.Minute)
 	nowMinus3 := now.Add(-3 * time.Minute)
@@ -133,7 +134,14 @@ func Test_getSessionStartTime(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if got := getSessionStartTime(tt.args.oldStats, tt.args.newReceived, tt.args.newTransmitted,
+			c := &StatisticsCollector{
+				cfg: &config.Config{
+					Backend: config.Backend{
+						ReKeyTimeoutInterval: 180 * time.Second,
+					},
+				},
+			}
+			if got := c.getSessionStartTime(tt.args.oldStats, tt.args.newReceived, tt.args.newTransmitted,
 				tt.args.lastHandshake); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
 				t.Errorf("getSessionStartTime() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
 			}

internal/app/wireguard/wireguard.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type InterfaceAndPeerDatabaseRepo interface {
 	DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, id domain.PeerIdentifier) error
 	GetPeer(ctx context.Context, id domain.PeerIdentifier) (*domain.Peer, error)
 	GetUsedIpsPerSubnet(ctx context.Context, subnets []domain.Cidr) (map[domain.Cidr][]domain.Cidr, error)
+	GetUser(ctx context.Context, id domain.UserIdentifier) (*domain.User, error)
 }
 
 type WgQuickController interface {

internal/app/wireguard/wireguard_interfaces.go

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/domain"
 )
 
+// GetInterface returns the interface for the given interface identifier.
+func (m Manager) GetInterface(ctx context.Context, id domain.InterfaceIdentifier) (*domain.Interface, error) {
+	return m.db.GetInterface(ctx, id)
+}
+
 // GetInterfaceAndPeers returns the interface and all peers for the given interface identifier.
 func (m Manager) GetInterfaceAndPeers(ctx context.Context, id domain.InterfaceIdentifier) (
 	*domain.Interface,
@@ -63,12 +68,17 @@ func (m Manager) GetAllInterfacesAndPeers(ctx context.Context) ([]domain.Interfa
 
 // GetUserInterfaces returns all interfaces that are available for users to create new peers.
 // If self-provisioning is disabled, this function will return an empty list.
-// At the moment, there are no interfaces specific to single users, thus the user id is not used.
-func (m Manager) GetUserInterfaces(ctx context.Context, _ domain.UserIdentifier) ([]domain.Interface, error) {
+func (m Manager) GetUserInterfaces(ctx context.Context, userId domain.UserIdentifier) ([]domain.Interface, error) {
 	if !m.cfg.Core.SelfProvisioningAllowed {
 		return nil, nil // self-provisioning is disabled - no interfaces for users
 	}
 
+	user, err := m.db.GetUser(ctx, userId)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("failed to load user for interface group verification", "user", userId, "error", err)
+		return nil, nil // fail closed
+	}
+
 	interfaces, err := m.db.GetAllInterfaces(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load all interfaces: %w", err)
@@ -83,6 +93,9 @@ func (m Manager) GetUserInterfaces(ctx context.Context, _ domain.UserIdentifier)
 		if iface.Type != domain.InterfaceTypeServer {
 			continue // skip client interfaces
 		}
+		if !user.IsAdmin && !iface.IsUserAllowed(userId, m.cfg) {
+			continue // user not allowed due to LDAP group filter
+		}
 
 		userInterfaces = append(userInterfaces, iface.PublicInfo())
 	}

internal/app/wireguard/wireguard_interfaces_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
+	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/config"
 	"github.com/h44z/wg-portal/internal/domain"
 )
 
@@ -92,3 +93,126 @@ func TestImportPeer_AddressMapping(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func (f *mockDB) GetUser(ctx context.Context, id domain.UserIdentifier) (*domain.User, error) {
+	return &domain.User{
+		Identifier: id,
+		IsAdmin:    false,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func TestInterface_IsUserAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Auth: config.Auth{
+			Ldap: []config.LdapProvider{
+				{
+					ProviderName: "ldap1",
+					InterfaceFilter: map[string]string{
+						"wg0": "(memberOf=CN=VPNUsers,...)",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		iface  domain.Interface
+		userId domain.UserIdentifier
+		expect bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Unrestricted interface",
+			iface: domain.Interface{
+				Identifier: "wg1",
+			},
+			userId: "user1",
+			expect: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Restricted interface - user allowed",
+			iface: domain.Interface{
+				Identifier: "wg0",
+				LdapAllowedUsers: map[string][]domain.UserIdentifier{
+					"ldap1": {"user1"},
+				},
+			},
+			userId: "user1",
+			expect: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Restricted interface - user allowed (at least one match)",
+			iface: domain.Interface{
+				Identifier: "wg0",
+				LdapAllowedUsers: map[string][]domain.UserIdentifier{
+					"ldap1": {"user2"},
+					"ldap2": {"user1"},
+				},
+			},
+			userId: "user1",
+			expect: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Restricted interface - user NOT allowed",
+			iface: domain.Interface{
+				Identifier: "wg0",
+				LdapAllowedUsers: map[string][]domain.UserIdentifier{
+					"ldap1": {"user2"},
+				},
+			},
+			userId: "user1",
+			expect: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expect, tt.iface.IsUserAllowed(tt.userId, cfg))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManager_GetUserInterfaces_Filtering(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Core.SelfProvisioningAllowed = true
+	cfg.Auth.Ldap = []config.LdapProvider{
+		{
+			ProviderName: "ldap1",
+			InterfaceFilter: map[string]string{
+				"wg_restricted": "(some-filter)",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	db := &mockDB{
+		interfaces: []domain.Interface{
+			{Identifier: "wg_public", Type: domain.InterfaceTypeServer},
+			{
+				Identifier: "wg_restricted",
+				Type:       domain.InterfaceTypeServer,
+				LdapAllowedUsers: map[string][]domain.UserIdentifier{
+					"ldap1": {"allowed_user"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	m := Manager{
+		cfg: cfg,
+		db:  db,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("Allowed user sees both", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ifaces, err := m.GetUserInterfaces(context.Background(), "allowed_user")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, len(ifaces))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Unallowed user sees only public", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ifaces, err := m.GetUserInterfaces(context.Background(), "other_user")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, len(ifaces))
+		if len(ifaces) > 0 {
+			assert.Equal(t, domain.InterfaceIdentifier("wg_public"), ifaces[0].Identifier)
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/app/wireguard/wireguard_peers.go

@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ func (m Manager) PreparePeer(ctx context.Context, id domain.InterfaceIdentifier)
 
 	currentUser := domain.GetUserInfo(ctx)
 
+	if err := m.checkInterfaceAccess(ctx, id); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	iface, err := m.db.GetInterface(ctx, id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find interface %s: %w", id, err)
@@ -188,6 +192,9 @@ func (m Manager) CreatePeer(ctx context.Context, peer *domain.Peer) (*domain.Pee
 		if err := domain.ValidateUserAccessRights(ctx, peer.UserIdentifier); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		if err := m.checkInterfaceAccess(ctx, peer.InterfaceIdentifier); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	sessionUser := domain.GetUserInfo(ctx)
@@ -304,6 +311,10 @@ func (m Manager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, peer *domain.Peer) (*domain.Pee
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	if err := m.checkInterfaceAccess(ctx, existingPeer.InterfaceIdentifier); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	if err := m.validatePeerModifications(ctx, existingPeer, peer); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("update not allowed: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -373,6 +384,10 @@ func (m Manager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, id domain.PeerIdentifier) error
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if err := m.checkInterfaceAccess(ctx, peer.InterfaceIdentifier); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if err := m.validatePeerDeletion(ctx, peer); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("delete not allowed: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -606,4 +621,22 @@ func (m Manager) validatePeerDeletion(ctx context.Context, _ *domain.Peer) error
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m Manager) checkInterfaceAccess(ctx context.Context, id domain.InterfaceIdentifier) error {
+	user := domain.GetUserInfo(ctx)
+	if user.IsAdmin {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	iface, err := m.db.GetInterface(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface %s: %w", id, err)
+	}
+
+	if !iface.IsUserAllowed(user.Id, m.cfg) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("user %s is not allowed to access interface %s: %w", user.Id, id, domain.ErrNoPermission)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // endregion helper-functions

internal/app/wireguard/wireguard_peers_test.go

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ func (f *mockController) PingAddresses(_ context.Context, _ string) (*domain.Pin
 type mockDB struct {
 	savedPeers map[domain.PeerIdentifier]*domain.Peer
 	iface      *domain.Interface
+	interfaces []domain.Interface
 }
 
 func (f *mockDB) GetInterface(ctx context.Context, id domain.InterfaceIdentifier) (*domain.Interface, error) {
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ func (f *mockDB) GetPeersStats(ctx context.Context, ids ...domain.PeerIdentifier
 	return nil, nil
 }
 func (f *mockDB) GetAllInterfaces(ctx context.Context) ([]domain.Interface, error) {
+	if f.interfaces != nil {
+		return f.interfaces, nil
+	}
 	if f.iface != nil {
 		return []domain.Interface{*f.iface}, nil
 	}

internal/config/auth.go

@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@ type LdapProvider struct {
 	// If RegistrationEnabled is set to true, wg-portal will create new users that do not exist in the database.
 	RegistrationEnabled bool `yaml:"registration_enabled"`
 
+	// InterfaceFilter allows restricting interfaces using an LDAP filter.
+	// Map key is the interface identifier (e.g., "wg0"), value is the filter string.
+	InterfaceFilter map[string]string `yaml:"interface_filter"`
+
 	// If LogUserInfo is set to true, the user info retrieved from the LDAP provider will be logged in trace level.
 	LogUserInfo bool `yaml:"log_user_info"`
 }

internal/config/backend.go

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ const LocalBackendName = "local"
 type Backend struct {
 	Default string `yaml:"default"` // The default backend to use (defaults to the internal backend)
 
+	ReKeyTimeoutInterval time.Duration `yaml:"rekey_timeout_interval"` // Interval after which a connection is assumed dead
+
 	// Local Backend-specific configuration
 
 	IgnoredLocalInterfaces []string `yaml:"ignored_local_interfaces"` // A list of interface names that should be ignored by this backend (e.g., "wg0")
@@ -115,8 +117,8 @@ func (b *BackendMikrotik) GetApiTimeout() time.Duration {
 type BackendPfsense struct {
 	BackendBase `yaml:",inline"` // Embed the base fields
 
-	ApiUrl       string        `yaml:"api_url"` // The base URL of the pfSense REST API (e.g., "https://pfsense.example.com/api/v2")
-	ApiKey       string        `yaml:"api_key"` // API key for authentication (generated in pfSense under 'System' -> 'REST API' -> 'Keys')
+	ApiUrl       string        `yaml:"api_url"`        // The base URL of the pfSense REST API (e.g., "https://pfsense.example.com/api/v2")
+	ApiKey       string        `yaml:"api_key"`        // API key for authentication (generated in pfSense under 'System' -> 'REST API' -> 'Keys')
 	ApiVerifyTls bool          `yaml:"api_verify_tls"` // Whether to verify the TLS certificate of the pfSense API
 	ApiTimeout   time.Duration `yaml:"api_timeout"`    // Timeout for API requests (default: 30 seconds)
 

internal/config/config.go

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ func defaultConfig() *Config {
 
 	cfg.Backend = Backend{
 		Default:                LocalBackendName, // local backend is the default (using wgcrtl)
+		ReKeyTimeoutInterval:   getEnvDuration("WG_PORTAL_BACKEND_REKEY_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL", 180*time.Second),
 		IgnoredLocalInterfaces: getEnvStrSlice("WG_PORTAL_BACKEND_IGNORED_LOCAL_INTERFACES", nil),
 		// Most resolconf implementations use "tun." as a prefix for interface names.
 		// But systemd's implementation uses no prefix, for example.

internal/domain/interface.go

@@ -78,6 +78,33 @@ type Interface struct {
 	PeerDefPostUp   string // default action that is executed after the device is up
 	PeerDefPreDown  string // default action that is executed before the device is down
 	PeerDefPostDown string // default action that is executed after the device is down
+
+	// Self-provisioning access control
+	LdapAllowedUsers map[string][]UserIdentifier `gorm:"serializer:json"` // Materialised during LDAP sync, keyed by ProviderName
+}
+
+// IsUserAllowed returns true if the interface has no filter, or if the user is in the allowed list.
+func (i *Interface) IsUserAllowed(userId UserIdentifier, cfg *config.Config) bool {
+	isRestricted := false
+	for _, provider := range cfg.Auth.Ldap {
+		if _, exists := provider.InterfaceFilter[string(i.Identifier)]; exists {
+			isRestricted = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !isRestricted {
+		return true // The interface is completely unrestricted by LDAP config
+	}
+
+	for _, allowedUsers := range i.LdapAllowedUsers {
+		for _, uid := range allowedUsers {
+			if uid == userId {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // PublicInfo returns a copy of the interface with only the public information.

internal/domain/statistics.go

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ type PeerStatus struct {
 	LastSessionStart *time.Time `gorm:"column:last_session_start" json:"LastSessionStart"`
 }
 
-func (s *PeerStatus) CalcConnected() {
-	oldestHandshakeTime := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Minute) // if a handshake is older than 2 minutes, the peer is no longer connected
+func (s *PeerStatus) CalcConnected(timeout time.Duration) {
+	oldestHandshakeTime := time.Now().Add(-1 * timeout) // if a handshake is older than the rekey-interval + grace-period, the peer is no longer connected
 
 	handshakeValid := false
 	if s.LastHandshake != nil {

internal/domain/statistics_test.go

@@ -9,11 +9,16 @@ func TestPeerStatus_IsConnected(t *testing.T) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	past := now.Add(-3 * time.Minute)
 	recent := now.Add(-1 * time.Minute)
+	defaultTimeout := 125 * time.Second // rekey interval of 120s + 5 seconds grace period
+	past126 := now.Add(-1*defaultTimeout - 1*time.Second)
+	past125 := now.Add(-1 * defaultTimeout)
+	past124 := now.Add(-1*defaultTimeout + 1*time.Second)
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		status PeerStatus
-		want   bool
+		name    string
+		status  PeerStatus
+		timeout time.Duration
+		want    bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "Pingable and recent handshake",
@@ -21,7 +26,8 @@ func TestPeerStatus_IsConnected(t *testing.T) {
 				IsPingable:    true,
 				LastHandshake: &recent,
 			},
-			want: true,
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Not pingable but recent handshake",
@@ -29,7 +35,8 @@ func TestPeerStatus_IsConnected(t *testing.T) {
 				IsPingable:    false,
 				LastHandshake: &recent,
 			},
-			want: true,
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Pingable but old handshake",
@@ -37,15 +44,44 @@ func TestPeerStatus_IsConnected(t *testing.T) {
 				IsPingable:    true,
 				LastHandshake: &past,
 			},
-			want: true,
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "Not pingable and old handshake",
+			name: "Not pingable and ok handshake (-124s)",
+			status: PeerStatus{
+				IsPingable:    false,
+				LastHandshake: &past124,
+			},
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Not pingable and old handshake (-125s)",
+			status: PeerStatus{
+				IsPingable:    false,
+				LastHandshake: &past125,
+			},
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Not pingable and old handshake (-126s)",
+			status: PeerStatus{
+				IsPingable:    false,
+				LastHandshake: &past126,
+			},
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Not pingable and old handshake (very old)",
 			status: PeerStatus{
 				IsPingable:    false,
 				LastHandshake: &past,
 			},
-			want: false,
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Pingable and no handshake",
@@ -53,7 +89,8 @@ func TestPeerStatus_IsConnected(t *testing.T) {
 				IsPingable:    true,
 				LastHandshake: nil,
 			},
-			want: true,
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Not pingable and no handshake",
@@ -61,12 +98,13 @@ func TestPeerStatus_IsConnected(t *testing.T) {
 				IsPingable:    false,
 				LastHandshake: nil,
 			},
-			want: false,
+			timeout: defaultTimeout,
+			want:    false,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			tt.status.CalcConnected()
+			tt.status.CalcConnected(tt.timeout)
 			if got := tt.status.IsConnected; got != tt.want {
 				t.Errorf("IsConnected = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
 			}

internal/domain/user.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ type User struct {
 	WebAuthnCredentialList []UserWebauthnCredential `gorm:"foreignKey:user_identifier"` // the webauthn credentials of the user, used for webauthn authentication
 
 	// API token for REST API access
-	ApiToken        string `form:"api_token" binding:"omitempty"`
+	ApiToken        string `form:"api_token" binding:"omitempty" gorm:"serializer:encstr"`
 	ApiTokenCreated *time.Time
 
 	LinkedPeerCount int `gorm:"-"`